MicroscopyPioneers
for aberration-corrected electron microscopy, which became the highly successful SuperSTEM facility in Daresbury. Another high point was the Royal Society meeting on “New possibilities with aberration-corrected electron microscopy” in 2008, at which I gave the opening talk on the history of aberration correction from Scherzer’s unwelcome proof in 1936 that C s and C c are inevitable in round lenses, through the endeavors in Darmstadt, Cambridge, Chicago, and elsewhere to build correctors, leading up to the successful eff orts of Harald Rose, Max Haider, and Ondrej Krivanek and their teams [ 3 ]. T e story is brought up to date in a long paper in a recent issue of Ultramicroscopy [ 4 ].
Apart from time spent on formal research, I have greatly enjoyed editing the Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics (now Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics ) and writing book round-ups for Ultramicroscopy . I inherited AEEP thanks to a friendship struck up with Bill Marton, founder editor, at the ANL workshop mentioned above. Aſt er his death in 1979, his widow Claire took over the editing, and soon aſt er she invited me to meet her in Geneva—she regularly spent her summers in Switzerland—to discuss the future of Advances . But when I arrived in Geneva and went round to her hotel in the evening, I met her doctor on the stairs and was told that she could not receive visitors as she had just suff ered a serious stroke. I returned the next morning to discover that she had called a Swiss friend during the night and asked her to come and collect her in the small hours! T e bird had fl own and the hotel could not even give me the friend’s address or phone number. I therefore returned empty-handed but was soon approached by Mr. Erwin Cohen, everyone’s dream of a publisher, at Academic Press who asked me to take over AEEP provisionally. I accepted, and provisionally rapidly became permanently. I have remained editor-in-chief ever since. Many distinguished scientists have contributed to our pages, and biographies of several pioneers of electron microscopy have appeared: Ernst Ruska, his brother Helmut, Bodo von Borries, Dennis Gabor, Jan Le Poole, and John Reisner contributed a masterly history of the electron microscope in the USA; his author’s preface should be read by anyone thinking of writing history [ 5 ]. Two thick volumes have been devoted to “T e Beginnings of Electron Microscopy” and “T e Growth of Electron Microscopy,” while the story of the scanning electron microscope is traced in great detail in a tribute to Sir Charles Oatley. Other memorable volumes have covered “Aberration- corrected electron microscopy” and “Cold fi eld emission and the STEM.”
I also must say a few words about Ultramicroscopy . I had known Elmar Zeitler, the founding editor, since the ANL workshop in 1966, and, soon aſt er he launched Ultramicroscopy , I sent a poem in response to a call for a better title [ 6 ]. T is was the start of a long and highly entertaining correspondence with Zeitler’s secretary Judith Reiff el, who recalled our exchanges in her contribution to Elmar Zeitler’s Festschriſt [ 7 ]. I had the sad but satisfying task of writing a tribute to her aſt er her death in 2002, published (of course) in Ultramicroscopy [ 8 ]. Relations with subsequent editors and their assistants have been just as close: Peter and Jenny Kruit, Paul Midgley and
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Anne Chippindale, and now Angus and Keiren Kirkland. I note somewhat wryly that the number of downloads of my round-ups in Ultramicroscopy is far greater than the number of requests for reprints of my scientifi c publications in Optik — perhaps the presence of jokes in the round-ups is part of the explanation. . .
Publishing also involved writing and editing books, solo or with a co-author. T e three volumes of Principles of Electron Optics [ 9 ] by Erwin Kasper and myself took many years to assemble. We each draſt ed sections of the books and then criticized and re-wrote them! T e younger generation may be amused or amazed to learn that the text was typed in Tex by Sabine Ströer, the wife of one of Kasper’s research students; when complete, it was sent to Academic Press in London, together with the drawings (Indian ink on thick drawing paper). T eir copyeditor estimated the space needed for each fi gure, and Frau Ströer modifi ed her fi les accordingly and produced a printout with blank spaces above the captions. Meanwhile, Graphic Arts at Academic Press had produced scaled versions of the drawings, and I spent a day or two with a pleasant and very skillful young woman in the Academic Press offi ce gluing the fi gures into place. (One is upside-down, but no one but me has noticed it.) Science of Microscopy , which John Spence and I edited [ 10 ], is memorable for battles with an incompetent company to whom Springer sub-contracted production (but never again!). And I must not forget Biophysical Electron Microscopy [ 11 ], edited with Ugo Valdrè, an unusual subject at that date (1990). He and I have recently written a short account of the achievements of the Cambridge HVEM [ 12 ]. How am I to conclude these random thoughts? Perhaps with the words of a song. With honorary membership of the French Microscopy Society, Fellowship of the Optical Society of America, and now of the MSA: “Who could ask for anything more?”
References 1. PW Hawkes , Optik 98 ( 1995 ) 81 – 84 . 2. PW Hawkes , “ Electron Microscopy and Analysis: the fi rst 100 years” in Electron Microscopy and Analysis, ed. J Rodenburg, Institute of Physics , Bristol and Philadelphia 1997, 1 – 8 .
3. PW Hawkes , Phil Trans Roy Soc (London) A 367 ( 2009 ) 3637 – 64 .
4. PW Hawkes , Ultramicroscopy 156 ( 2015 ) A1 – A64 . 5. J Reisner , Adv Electron Electron Phys 73 ( 1989 ) 133 – 231 . 6. PW Hawkes , Ultramicroscopy 4 ( 1979 ) 355 . 7. J Reiff el , Ultramicroscopy 49 ( 1993 ) 443 – 46 . 8. PW Hawkes , Ultramicroscopy 102 ( 2005 ) 173 – 80 . 9. PW Hawkes and E Kasper , Principles of Electron Optics , Academic Press , London , 1989 and 1994 .
10. PW Hawkes and JCH Spence (eds.), Science of Microscopy , Springer , New York , 2007 .
11. PW Hawkes and U Valdrè (eds.), Biophysical Electron Microscopy , Academic Press , London , 1999 .
12. U Valdrè and PW Hawkes , Bologna and Cambridge Universities, an electron twinning phenomenon?, In Focus 41 ( 2016 ).
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