Technical
Ultimately, the producer that can deliver these objectives with the most effective and safest product will, in time, dominate the marketplace
to bioaccumulate. However, if the above
parameters for classification as Aquatic Chronic 3 are met, additional tests can be done to ensure the correct classification. These are long-term, or chronic, studies of aquatic toxicity, and they outweigh any classification based on short-term, or acute, data where the L(E)C50 value is >1 mg/l. The chronic toxicity tests are
based on No Observable Effect Concentrations (NOEC). If these values are above 1 mg/l for fish, crustacea and algae then no classification as for chronic toxicity is needed.
*log Kow is a quantitative
thermodynamic measure of the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance of an organic compound.
**log Pow is the ratio of
concentrations of a compound in a mixture of two immiscible phases at equilibrium.
These coefficients are a measure of the difference in solubility of the compound in these two phases.
For classification as R52/53 (CHIP) one of the following criteria must be met: - 96 hr LC50 (fish): >10 to <100 mg/l
- 48 hr EC50 (Daphnia): >10 to <100 mg/l
- 72 hr IC50 (algae): >10 to <100 mg/l
And, the product is not readily biodegradable. A material can be considered readily biodegradable if there is
”
convincing scientific evidence available to show that the substance can be degraded to a level of >70% of the theoretical maximum within a twenty-eight day period.
Conclusion
There are several reasons why selecting the safest pesticide to use is important; the risk assessment states that we need to review the available options and select the product that offers the lowest risk. Increasingly, pesticides are
being reviewed to assess their impact upon wildlife, the environment and the health of the user. If we, as an industry, want pesticides to continue to be available, then we have to regulate and be seen to regulate
ourselves. Trying to determine accurately which product fulfils these objectives is not straightforward, and it could be stated that some manufacturers intentionally muddy the water in what is already a complex field.
Consumers are drawn toward
clear information and strong brands. Ultimately, the producer that can deliver these objectives with the most effective and safest product will, in time, dominate the marketplace.
PC JUNE/JULY 2014 I 133
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