Technical
grey substance that isn’t very soluble and would have very little effect if it was rubbed onto the plant. It is converted into a soluble salt and combined with surfactants to enable it to spread, adhere and penetrate the leaf cuticle. A surfactant, also known as surface-active substance, is defined as a substance that, when dissolved in water, lowers the surface tension of the water and increases the solubility of organic compounds. The effectiveness of the kill and speed of translocation is controlled by the types and quality of the salt and surfactants (see tables 1 and 2). Due to their physicochemical,
toxicological and eco- toxicological properties, chemicals can be dangerous for the physical integrity and health of individuals and for the safeguarding of the environment. REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) regulations (2007) dictate that the hazards of the product are stated within Section 2 of the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). However, there are older formats of MSDS which state the hazards in section 3 or section 15. To comply with the regulations, the classification and label elements should be stated in section 2, with hazardous ingredients and their hazards found in section 3, and other regulatory information in section 15. This information can be used to help us distinguish between the products and determine if they are appropriate for our intended use, though some explanation can help elucidate this (see table 3).
Table 1. Salt type and properties Types of salt
Product
Isopropylamine (IPA) salt
Glyphosate- diammonium
Potassium salt of glyphosate
Asteroid Pro, Roundup ProBio, Rosate, Frontsweep, Mascot Hi-Aktiv, Clinic Ace, Gallup Biograde
Proliance Quattro
Round ProBiactive 450 Amenity Glyphosate
Properties
Most commonly used salt. Limit on AI concentration. Viscous at high concentrations. Salt is intrinsically safe to plant tissue. Surfactant choice influences uptake, translocation and COSHH rating
Fast-acting, efficiently translocated and good rainfastness. Clean COSHH rating but harmful to fish
More acid per gram of salt. Lower viscocity at higher concentrations. Salt is intrinsically safe to plant tissue. Surfactant choice influences uptake, translocation and COSHH rating
Table 2. Surfactant type and qualities Types of surfactant
Ethoxylated tallow amine surfactant (ETA)
Alkyl-poly glucoside (sugar ether)
Alkyl Phosphate Ester surfactant
Etheralkylamine ethoxylate
Bioactivators (Blend of Quaternary Ammonium Compound and humectant)
Transorb Technology
Product Clinic Ace.
Proliance Quattro
Gallup Biograde, Gallup Hi- Aktiv, Glyfos Proactive, Tangent.
Amenity Glyphosate Roundup ProBio
Properties
Old technology and cheap to produce. Damages the plant cuticle, visible symptoms occur quickly but less salt is translocated. Rainfast 6-24 hours. Needs extra surfactant at low rates. Poor COSHH rating - classified as an Irritant or Harmful.
Non-ionic and non-aggressive surfactant leading to a slower uptake but increase in salt translocated. Low unit surfactant activity prevents formulations containing high proportions of salt. Rainfast in 6 hours.
Anionic surfactant. Intermediate in speed of visible indications of activity and translocation of salt. Non-hazardous. Long term control of perennials better than ETA but not as good as Bioactivators. Not as active gram-per- gram for active ingredient as most other formulations, especially at low rates therefore you would be advised to pay attention to rate comparisons.
New unique formulation, no information available yet.
Visible symptoms of activity are slower, due to the lack of tissue damage on leaf entry, but translocation is higher and therefore control is more effective. Improved broad-leaved weed activity compared to ETA surfactant. Rainfast in 2-6 hours. Non-hazardous. Not harmful to aquatic organisms, no R50, R53. Does not require extra surfactant at low rates. Unique, patented Monsanto technology.
Roundup Pro Biactive 450
Increased cuticle permeability. Delivers excellent uptake and improved penetration and translocation therefore better to use in marginal conditions. Rainfast from 1 hour. Intermediate load (45% w/w) less packaging etc. COSHH-friendly, non-hazardous formulation. Extra surfactant not needed at low rates. Unique, patented Monsanto technology.
Envision Technology Asteroid Pro
High cuticle permeability. Excellent broad-leaved weed activity (compared to ETA surfactant). Rainfast from 1 hour. COSHH-friendly, non-hazardous formulation. Not harmful to aquatic organisms, no R50, R53. No additional surfactant needed at any rates. Increased coverage, consistent droplet size, Improved uptake.
Risks and Hazards
The Chemical (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations, CHIP, provide information on hazardous chemicals in Great Britain.
Table 3 - Hazard symbols and codes commonly displayed on glyphosate products
N
Dangerous For The Environment
Substances and preparations which, were they to enter into the environment, would present or might present an immediate or delayed danger for one or more components of the environment. Does not apply to preparations. In certain cases, some substances do not need to be labelled with the danger symbol for this category.
Xi
Irritant Xn
Harmful Sensitising
Xn
Sensitising by inhalation Xi
Sensitising by skin contact
(i.e. Xn or Xi)
Non-corrosive substances and preparations which, through immediate, prolonged or repeated contact with the skin or mucous membrane, may cause inflammation.
Substances and preparations which may cause death or acute or chronic damage to health when inhaled, swallowed or absorbed via the skin.
Substances and preparations which, if they are inhaled or if they penetrate the skin, are capable of eliciting a reaction by hypersensitisation such that on further exposure to the substance or pr
The statements of risks, R, and hazards, H, (see tables 4 and 5 respectively), which are present on the label, supplement the hazard symbols (see table 3).
Hazard statements
The Classification, Labelling and Packaging Regulation, CLP, is a European Union regulation which aligns the European Union system of classification, labelling and packaging
Table 4 - Risk phrase code and detail Code
Detail
R20 R22 R23 R36 R38 R41 R51 R52
Harmful by inhalation Harmful if swallowed Toxic by inhalation Irritating to eyes Irritating to skin
Risk of serious damage to eyes Toxic to aquatic organisms Harmful to aquatic organisms
R53 May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment
R50/53 Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment
R51/53 Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment
R52/53 Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment
PC JUNE/JULY 2014 I 131
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