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The benefits of red rice tissue “
Philip Ludwig, Suellen Bennett, and James V. Gruber; PhD, Arch Personal Care Products, discuss how ReGeniStem™
Red Rice tissue cultures elicited with ozone lead to beneficial epigenetic and protein changes in human fibroblasts
Extracts from plant tissue cultures are no longer rare in the cosmetic industry, but how the cultures are produced and what novel benefits they may have can widely differ based on the growth conditions, plant species, type of tissue grown and other factors. Often plant cultures do not express important secondary plant metabolites because they are not threatened by the atmosphere, adverse soil conditions, or by the presence of pathogens or insects. However, the addition of certain compounds can cause plant cultures to express secondary metabolites. In order for our ReGeniStem™
Red Rice (R3) cultures to
produce secondary metabolites, we chose ozone as the stressor, as it was the most effective at causing the culture to produce the maximum concentration of secondary metabolites when compared to other elicitors. With a product that is derived using biotechnology and that can be complicated to produce, consumers often expect novel skin benefit claims. Why use an expensive process to grow a plant via tissue culture when that culture extract might simply have similar benefits compared to an extract from a field grown plant? With these concerns in mind, we ascertained what unique benefits might be derived from growing undifferentiated Himalayan red rice cells. Plant meristem cells have a unique transcription and biochemical profile. At the DNA level there are distinct differences within the epigenome. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene
expression that is caused by a mechanism other than changes to the DNA sequence. Few, if any, skin care companies have looked at how to influence the epigenome and if undifferentiated meristem plant cultures could influence the epigenetic environment in skin cells. The most commonly studied type of epigenetic modification is DNA methylation at CpG dinucleotides. Methylation of the CpG-rich promoter areas of genes is an essential mechanism in regulating gene transcription. CpG sites in promoters tend to gain methylation with age. Thus, epigenetics can be thought of as a “youth switch”. The youth switch is turned on in young cells with low amounts of methylation and turned off as cells age with an increase in promoter methylation. As ageing occurs and DNA methylation
increases, genes are expressed less causing lower protein production. Undifferentiated ReGeniStem™
Red Rice cells help reverse
promoter methylation. We profiled the CpG methylation differences in young and aged human fibroblasts in combination with an application of R3. Untreated old cells have an increase in global methylation at the promoter level when compared to untreated young cells. The application of 2% R3 to old cells had the ability to decrease the global level of promoter methylation to that of the young cells, helping the old cells to function and perform as younger, healthier ones.
Collagen 1A1 (COL1A1) was examined for its promoter methylation levels. Treatment with 2%
The youth switch is turned on in young cells with low amounts of methylation and turned off as cells age with an
increase in promoter methylation
R3 reduces CpG methylation at the COL1A1 promoter. To correlate DNA demethylation to Collagen 1A synthesis, a protein assay was conducted on fibroblasts treated with and without 2% ReGeniStem™
“ Red Rice. As
expected, 2% R3 treated cells have an increase in collagen. Dermatopontin is a protein found in the extracellular matrix of the dermis. It is known to have multiple and diverse functions; ranging from accelerating collagen fibrillogenesis to fibroblast cell adhesion. We assayed dermatopontin protein expression in keratinocytes that were either untreated or treated with 2% R3. Dermatopontin was up regulated in the treated tissue. This suggests that ReGeniStem™
Red Rice may be able to firm
the skin and influence the skin barrier function in the dermal and epidermal layers where this protein is found. In conclusion, the skin, through an application of ReGeniStem™
Red Rice, is
pushed to a younger, healthier state at both the epigenetic and protein level. Arch Personal Care Products, Stand B20
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