The Temple of Preah Vihear
Heritage List of properties. It is intended that prop- erties on the List will be conserved for all time. As of September 2011, the List included 936 proper- ties in 153 countries. These properties are either cultural (725), natural (183), or mixed (28).
The term ‘cultural heritage’ in the Convention came into being as an umbrella term to encom- pass three different types of heritage: sites, monu- ments and groups of buildings. Sites, monuments or groups of buildings will not be included in the World Heritage List unless: (1) they prove to have “outstanding universal value” (a notion sometimes criticized for imposing Western values and requir- ing a certain “monumentality” of heritage that does not necessarily translate into significance to the communities to whom the heritage site is con- nected); (2) they are nominated by a State Party; (3) the nomination is accompanied by a manage- ment plan; and (4) the nomination is supported by UNESCO. Should all these factors be satisfied, a
property, such as the Temple of Preah Vihear, will be inscribed to the World Heritage List.
Article 3 of the World Heritage Convention deals with the identification and delineation of world heritage properties. The identification process is considered by some to be problematic, as it re- quires states to turn heritage into a commodity; that is, governments must assign an economic value to heritage sites. There are different views, moreover, on the propriety of viewing heritage as subject to be controlled by sovereign states as it is done in Article 3 of the Convention. However, it is ultimately up to each state to determine what heritage within its borders is worth protecting, and to do all it can with the state’s own resources to protect that property.
The Convention also establishes the World Heri- tage Fund, a trust financed by contributions from state parties and private donors to support the management and conservation of properties in-
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ILSA Quarterly » volume 20 » issue 1 » October 2011
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