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Module 1 • Arctic Exploration: Navigation
Activity 1-3
Spacey Logistics
Activity Level:
expand
Research Question: What is the future of navigation?
Subject Areas:
Background: Often referred to as an art, navigation has changed
geography, science, math,
throughout history. Most important to global navigation was the abil-
technology
ity to measure latitude and longitude. The magnetic compass, origi-
nally invented by the Chinese more than 4,000 years ago, was used by
Objectives:
European navigators around the 12th century. Using a compass, along
Students will:
with a cross-staff and astrolabe, navigators were able to verify latitude.
- Be introduced to funda-
Finding longitude, however, was still difficult, as no reliable means
mental principles of maps
of tracking time at sea was available. This problem plagued naviga-
tors until the 1700s when fixing longitude was made possible by the
and scale.
invention and refinement of the chronometer. Today the sextant and
- Connect the role of sci-
to a large extent even the compass have been replaced by Global
ence and technological
Positioning Systems (GPS).
innovations in exploration.
- Become familiarized with
Satellites and space probes play a significant part in exploration.
the uses and basics of
Obviously, they allow the investigation of other planets without us
remote sensing and satel-
actually setting foot on their surface. But more significant to our
lite imagery.
everyday life are the observations of earth from space using satellites
- Discover why remote
to gather data and transmit it back to earth where it is organized
and manipulated to obtain information. This form of remote sens-
sensing is advantageous
ing allows all of us to explore our own planet in a marvel of spatial
for exploring geography.
3D reality. The latest craze of Google Earth not only allows explorers
- Use 3-D virtual mapping
such as GoNorth! expedition leader Paul Pregont to experience the
and topographic maps to
entire route of the upcoming expedition before ever setting a foot to
plan logistics.
- Reflect on the role of
technology in exploration.
Additional Resources:
Time Consideration:
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visu- 45 minutes
alizations/es0302/es0302page01.cfm A place in many scales–
A series of six images begins at a scale that covers the whole
Materials:
earth and ends at a scale showing a city block that includes the
- Student Page 1-3a
Capitol building in downtown Atlanta, Georgia. Each image
shows features ten times larger than in the previous image. The
“Then and Now”
images were generated using data from several satellites.
- Student Page 1-3b
“Expedition Map Guide”
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visu-
- Student Page 1-3c
alizations/es0304/es0304page01.cfm Many Representations of
“Ice Condition Analysis”
a Single Place – Mount Shasta, a volcano in California, is pre-
- Access to computer and
sented in a satellite image, shaded relief map, lava flow view,
geologic map, elevation view, 3-D topographic map, 3-D view of
Internet
geology and topography, and 3-D fly-through.
Vocabulary:
http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/ Visible Earth – An incredible cata-
Remote sensing, satellite
log of NASA images and animations of earth.
imagery, GPS
http://earth.nasa.gov Destination Earth – Lots of great resources,
news and events about earth system science from NASA.
Continued on page 13
PolarHusky.com
© NOMADS Online Classroom Expeditions GoNorth! Chukotka 2007 Curriculum 12
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