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Module 1 • Arctic Exploration: Navigation
Activity 1-1
Activity Level:
Map Explorers
experience
Subject Areas:
Research Question: What is navigation?
social studies, language
arts, art, geography
Background: The Sumerians drew the earliest known map on a
small clay tablet in the third millennium BC. The early Egyptians drew
Objectives:
maps to show property lines because the Nile River flooded the area Students will:
every year and washed away the land markers. Maps, the prime tool - Identify the globe and
of navigation, are fundamental to exploration, and improving exist-
maps as a model of earth.
ing maps or developing new maps of uncharted areas were major
- Locate geographic loca-
objectives of exploration. The first map of the region of Chukotka,
tions such as state, coun-
where the GoNorth! expedition is heading, was created in 1741 by
try, ocean, and region.
the Danish explorer Vitus Bering on a Russian expedition. On this
- Discuss the concept of
same expedition Captain Bering mapped and claimed Alaska, which
remained Russian territory until it was sold to the United States in 1867.
exploration.
- Explore the role landmarks
Since the beginning of time, people have found their way using dif- play in navigation.
ferent methods of navigation, including observing natural clues, locat- - Know proper characteristics
ing celestial bodies, and remembering important landmarks. Today
of a map using TODALS.
contemporary navigation tools such as Global Positioning Systems
(GPS) and detailed digital maps enable hikers, hunters, drivers, explor-
Time Consideration:
ers, sailors, and members of the military to define their exact location
45-minutes
while providing destination and direction. Topographical maps and
Materials:
“reading the land,” however, are still the two most important tools of
- Student Page 1-1
navigation to Team GoNorth! while on the expedition.
“Mapping Chukotka”
Following landmarks (a collection of visible features) is one of the
- Globe
most common and effective strategies used in navigation through- - Large world map
out times. The Native peoples of Chukotka used and continue to use - Black or marker board
landmarks to identify traditional hunting and fishing locations and to
- Paper
keep from getting lost. Such “mental mapping” is actually used by all
- Pen or pencils, crayons,
of us every day in every situation as we travel from one location to
rulers, etc.
the other.
Vocabulary:
earth, globe, Arctic,
Procedure: See page 7
explorer, exploration, map
Assessment:
Upon completion of this
Additional Resources:
activity students should:
- Be familiar with the
http://nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/hall/index.
globe, geographical maps,
html?node=21 Mental Mapper from Xpedition Hall –
and mental mapping.
Kid-friendly interactive feature from National Geographic.
- Understand what it
Shows the use of mental maps to organize information in a
means to explore.
spatial context. Illustrates how children and adults differ in the
- Know basic navigational
ways they map the same environments.
markers such as direction.
http://geography.about.com/cs/culturalgeography/a/mentalmaps.htm
- Recognize the impor-
Mental Maps - Good article explaining the concept of “mental
tance of landmarks.
maps” from About.
- Create a map using TODALS
(Student Page 1-1
“Mapping Chukotka”).
PolarHusky.com
© NOMADS Online Classroom Expeditions GoNorth! Chukotka 2007 Curriculum 6
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