Electrostatic discharge (ESD) and automated handling processes
Electrostatic discharge (ESD)
and automated handling
processes
by Dipl.-Ing. Hartmut Berndt, B.E.STAT European ESD Competence Centre, Kesselsdorf, Germany
introduction
the American Standard ANSI/ESD S20.20.
The concept for the introduc- All electronic components and assemblies
The basic principles will not change in
tion of an electrostatic dis-
are at risk from electrostatic discharges. Pro-
the future. Only introduced ESD control
charge (ESD) control system
ducers, suppliers, distributors and users have
systems will change.
is expanded here to cover
to consider the ESD control system during
“Five Steps for the Introduction of an
the most important topic at
the whole manufacturing process, during
ESD Control System”
1
describes the five
the moment: static control
measurements as well as during the ap-
steps necessary for the plan of an ESD
requirements for machines
plication. All active electronic components,
control system:
beginning with simple diodes, transistors or
and production plants. Elec-
complex inner circuits, require an external
1. Analysis of ESDs, their damage
trostatic charges on human
ESD control system. SMD resistors and
limits and the existing manufactur-
bodies can be controlled.
condensers, and prospectively NEMS and
ing process.
Electrostatic charges in au-
MEMS, will also be included in this danger
2. Creation of a program and the in-
tomated handling processes category—first tests show that these passive
troduction steps of the ESD control
are hard to find and reduce.
components can be damaged through elec-
system.
Two new failure models for
trostatic discharges as well.
3. Personnel training.
printed circuit boards (PCBs)
Just five volts of an electrostatic charge
4. Introduction of the ESD control
are explained: FICBM and
are enough to change the structures in small
systems.
CBM.
components—and components are becoming
5. Control and certification of the
increasingly smaller. In the year 2015, elec-
introduced ESD control systems.
tronic components are expected to be less The introduction of this ESD control system
than 25 nm. Electrostatic charges of just 0.1 is more complex than the requirements of
Keywords: Electrostatic
nC and electrostatic fields of 25 V/cm will either IEC 61340-5-1 or ANDI/ESD S20.20
Discharge, Charged
be enough to damage electrostatic-sensitive taken on their own. Only both standards
Board Model, Field- devices (ESDs) permanently. taken together with the existing concept
Induced Charged Board guarantee a safe ESD control system and
Model
Basics the protection of ESDs against electrostatic
In the last few years, many directions and charges. We can’t find enough information
worldwide standards for static control han- and requirements for machines in the exist-
dling of ESDs have been created. The basic ing standards.
principles are safe (and slow) electrostatic The first and only requirements are
discharge and avoidance of electrostatic 1) the demand for grounding of all metal
charge developments (Table 1). These basic parts and 2) the avoidance of plastic usage
principles for the protection of electronic (which could generate electrostatic charges
devices and components against electrostatic and fields). Experience shows that this is not
discharges are included in all directions enough for the protection of ESDs in auto-
and standards, including the international mated machines and systems. The transport
standards IEC 61340-5-1 and IEC 61340-5-2. operation of ESDs in a machine can happen
Additionally, a whole section with directions as following:
for an ESD control system can be found in
Table 1. Basic principles for static control handling of ESDs
Basic Principle 1 Only a complete ESD control program will guarantee an adequate
protection for electrostatic sensitive devices (ESDs).
This paper was originally presented
Basic Principle 2 The grounding of a person with a wristband is the best possibility for
at CEMCONEX 2008.
discharge and charge avoidance.
12 – Global SMT & Packaging – January 2009 www.globalsmt.net
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