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Enhancements in mass spectrometry systems, like SCIEX’s X500R QTOF, expand use of the technol- ogy to a wide range of environmental samples. (Image courtesy of SCIEX.)
uses an ambient ionization source, such as JEOL’s AccuTOF-DART 4G. The system can analyze fungicide on an orange peel or test other foods for pesticide contaminants. “This system has also been used to identify endangered species of wood, like Brazilian rosewood, illegally imported into the United States,” says Robert Cody, mass spectrometer product manager for JEOL USA (Peabody, Mass.). “It was recently used to identify bio- diesels from an accidental spill.”
Testing for traces The accuracy of MS even lets researchers
map out the isotopic distribution of a sample. “Something made naturally, for example, doesn’t include lots of 14
from petroleum contains lots of 14
C, but a sample derived C,” Agarwal
says. “So with really accurate mass measure- ments, you can see if a pollutant is from a natural or human-made source.”
To look for traces of metals in samples, scien- tists often use inductively coupled plasma MS (ICP/MS). This technology detects metals down to one part per quadrillion. For nonmetals at trace levels, scientists might use the JEOL
AccuTOF-GCx, which provides highly sensitive GC/MS analysis. “This system can identify trace contaminants in a sample,” says Cody. One study used this platform to identify polybrominated and polychlorinated contaminants in dust.
In many cases, environmental samples contain target compounds at trace levels. “Environmental analysis can also be extremely complex, because real-life samples include an awful lot of components, like dirt or foods or dust,” says Cody. “So you need all the tools that you can get for a complete analysis.”
Flowing safely “Every time we turn on the tap or faucet to have
a drink of water, fi ll a saucepan or a sink to wash in, we take it for granted that the water is safe and fi t for purpose,” says Vincent Paez, senior director for food, environmental and forensics testing at SCIEX (Framingham, Mass.). “LC/MS/ MS can play a key role in analysis throughout the whole water cycle.” Public-health scientists use this technology to analyze raw water that reaches a treatment facility. “By employing MS to screen the raw water before it gets treated, water companies can improve the effi ciencies
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