AL | Science News


lead to more compact medical wearable devices, such as portable ECG monitoring devices and neural implants, since we no longer need large batteries to power them.”


Implants require thousands of channels of raw data to accurately decode brain signals. To wirelessly transmit this large amount of data, more power is also needed, which means either larger batteries or more frequent recharging. Limited space in the brain for implants and frequent recharging means that implants cannot be used for long-term recording of signals. Current wireless implant prototypes thus suffer from a lack of accuracy because they lack the bandwidth to send out thousands of channels of raw data. Instead of enlarging the power source to support the transmission of raw data, Basu tried to reduce the amount of data that needs to be transmitted. Designed to be extremely power-efficient, the patented smart chip can analyze and decode the thousands of signals from the neural implants in the brain, before compressing the results and sending them wirelessly to a small external receiver. Tis will reduce data usage by over a thousand times.


Diabetes Drug Could Treat Cocaine Addiction


Byetta, an FDA-approved drug used to treat obesity and diabetes, has been proposed as a possible treatment for cocaine addiction. Te drug derives from a naturally occurring hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) that regulates feeding behavior. An earlier study on the activation of GLP-1 receptors conducted by Matthew Hayes and colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania’s Perelman School of Medicine laid the groundwork for the new work. In addition, prior research in the literature showed an overlap between the neural circuits that influence feeding and drug-taking. Researcher Heath Schmidt hypothesized, “If GLP-1 regulates intake of palatable food, then perhaps it also regulates consumption of cocaine.”


When the investigators activated GLP-1 receptors in rats in the region of the brain that deals with reward behavior, called the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the animals self-administered less cocaine. It is the first time such a role has been shown for GLP-1 in the brain. Physiologically, GLP-1 acts similarly in rat brains and human brains. Rather than injecting cocaine, the scientists modeled the way a human would take the drug by offering the rats a lever to press for intravenous infusions. Once the animals stabilized in their drug-taking regimen, the researchers introduced the GLP-1 receptor agonist directly into the brain.


“We’re looking at what activation of GLP-1 receptors in the VTA does to the animal’s self-administration of cocaine,” Schmidt said. “We were able to show a nice decrease in cocaine self-administration. Our interest is really to understand how chronic exposure to drugs of abuse changes the brain to produce addiction-like behaviors.”


AMERICAN LABORATORY 11 MARCH 2016


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