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www.cwhellenranch.com 64 The Cattleman September 2015
and development. Consequently, vitamins A, D, and E must be supplemented so that heifers consume their daily requirements. Minerals, though, are completely different. They are
solely provided by an exogenous source, be that forage or a supplement. Therefore, if forages are defi cient in minerals, they must be supplemented to allow heifers to reach growth rate targets. The minerals that receive the most attention relative
to reproductive effi ciency are phosphorus, copper and zinc. Copper can be particularly problematic in areas with high-iron soil. This soil results in increased iron accumulation in forages, and iron interferes with the absorption of copper.
Unthriftiness One of the warning signs that a heifer will not be
ready for the breeding season is unthriftiness — the failure to grow or put on weight as well as expected in the presence of adequate quantity and quality of feed. Streeter says one must separate disease and parasite
concerns from the nutritional supply as a reason for re- duced growth. Parasites, sub-clinical bovine respiratory disease, or prior clinical bovine respiratory disease, in particular, can create an unthrifty condition and result in reduced growth rates. He says, “It is just one more management consideration to have in understanding why cattle may have reduced growth and a rougher hair coat than expected. He recommends involving a local veterinarian to address disease concerns and consulting with a nutritionist or a feed manufacturer representative to discuss what the limiting nutrients are in the producer’s area. Most ranchers do not have trouble preparing a heifer
to become a cow. Streeter says most operations already have programs in place; health programs developed with local veterinarians and supplement programs de- veloped with a nutritionist or local feed representative. These resources can also assist in adjusting the health
and nutritional programs to ensure that nutritional needs are met and the growth rate goals are accomplished. These are rare times, however, with signs of cow
herd rebuilding and grass growth in areas that have survived several years of debilitating drought. Conse- quently, there are producers holding back more heifers than in the past several years, or developing replacement heifers for the fi rst time in a while. Streeter says, “It is a good idea to review body weight goals and health protocols to ensure that heifer replacements become productive cows.”
thecattlemanmagazine.com
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