of this property, multiplies in the small folds of tissue on the bull’s penis. “Transmission of the disease occurs during natural
breeding. A bull can infect a cow and a cow can infect a bull. While most cows eventually clear the infection, once a bull is infected, it remains so for life, so most control programs focus on detecting and removing infected bulls from breeding herds,” Hairgrove says. “During breeding, protozoa from the surface of
the penis are left in the vagina where they multiply and invade the uterus to create an infection,” he ex- plains. “Cows can still conceive during the few weeks it takes for the uterine infection to develop, but once the protozoa cause suffi cient damage to the lining of the reproductive tract, the cow miscarries or aborts. “Cows will naturally clear the infection within a
few weeks to a few months and then experience a brief period of immunity to the disease. After clearing the infection, cows can rebreed and carry a fetus to birth. The period of immunity is short however, and will not protect subsequent pregnancies if the cow is re-exposed to an infected bull.” Hairgrove continues, “While trich develops gradually and is not readily apparent, it should be suspected in
herds with poor conception rates and extended calv- ing seasons.” Conception rates in trich-infected herds can range
from slightly below to less than half of normal, “de- pending on the length of time the disease is in the herd and the number of infected animals. Conception rates in herds with controlled breeding seasons of 90 days or less will be even poorer,” Hairgrove says.
State regulations The original Texas cattle trichomoniasis regulations
took effect on Jan. 1, 2010. These regulations were amended in May 2010, and again in 2011, 2012, and 2013. The Texas trich program is not federally mandated, but
is driven through an industry-appointed working group. Using input from ranchers, the working group —
led by Coleman Locke, rancher, director of Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association (TSCRA) and commissioner for the Texas Animal Health Commis- sion (TAHC) — develops the guidelines for possible new rule considerations and funnels them to TAHC. “Additional changes to the trichomoniasis program
will be made in 2014,” says Dee Ellis, DVM, MPA, and TAHC executive director.
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www.centurylivestockfeeders.com 94 The Cattleman October 2014
thecattlemanmagazine.com
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