Other issues to consider are the cost of the instru- ments and the availability of technical support.
“The 210VGP is not only suitable for use in various applications such as mining, metal plating, silicone chip makers, environmental labs, chemistry labs, pharmacology, biophys- ics, and toxicology research, as well as an aid to understand principles of spectroscopy, it is also economical,” stated Eric Anderson, General Manager at Buck Scientifi c Equipment.
According to Dan Davies, TOC/AA/ICP/X-Ray Product Manager at Shimadzu Scientifi c Instruments, “The AA-6200 and AA-7000 are popular as they come with free phone technical support for the life of the instruments.”
Atomizer The choice of the atomizer and the vapor-
ization method determines sample through- put and the detection limit achievable for individual elements.
A fl ame atomizer provides high sample throughput and a detection limit in the range
of 1–100 ppb. A graphite atomizer off ers lower sample throughput and a detection limit in the range of 1–0.01 ppb. Incorporating the hydride vaporization and the mercury vaporization methods with both F-AAS and G-AAS enhances the detection limits by 10–100 fold.
The AAnalyst™ 200 and AAnalyst 400 from PerkinElmer Inc. utilize a fl ame atomizer. The PinAAcle™ 900 series provide mercury and hydride vaporization capabilities.
Buck Scientifi c off ers the 201VGP, which uti- lizes a fl ame furnace and a hydride atomizer.
In graphite and fl ame atomic absorption spec- trometers (GF-AAS), both fl ame and graphite atomizers are present but share the light source. Once the light source is selected, depending on the application, it is pointed toward one or the other atomizer.
The TRACE AI1200 from Aurora Biomed comes with an automatic switch between the F-AAS and G-AAS atomizers.
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Beam confi guration Another important consideration is beam confi g- uration. The choice of beam confi guration should be made in the context of selecting the atomizer.
AAS use either a single-beam or double- beam configuration. In the single-beam configuration, the light beam is modulated to differentiate between the sample and reference beam. In the double-beam configu- ration, the light beam is split into the sample and reference beam.
Generally, a single-beam confi guration does not provide for correction of light fl uctuation compensation, while a double-beam confi gu- ration does.
The 205AAS and Accusys 211 from Buck Scientifi c employ a “stable” single-beam con- fi guration.
The AA-6200 from Shimadzu utilizes a double- beam confi guration and the AA-700 an optical double-beam confi guration.
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