September 2014

FLUID LOSS AGENT continued

the fluid loss was larger than PSA/Ca-MMT/CaCl2@SiO2 had released from the surface of PSA/Ca-MMT/CaCl2@SiO2 CaCO3/CaCl2

@SiO2 . However, the drilling fluid of SMA/CaCO3

had higher viscosity because there was residual Na2SiO3 Plus, it had a lower yield point due to the rounded CaCO3

Compared with Formulation B, SMA/CaCO3 CaCl2@SiO2

@SiO2 /CaCl2 @SiO2

due to more SiO2 .

tion properties (Table 2). The fluid loss of PSA/Ca-MMT/CaCl2@SiO2 less than SMA/CaCO3/CaCl2

/CaCl2 @SiO2 .

. At 200 ºC, SiO2 and SMA/ @SiO2 .

/CaCl2 and PSA/Ca-MMT/

had a significant effect on the rheological properties and filtra- was

CMC and more CaSiO3 (filling effect) generated from PSA/Ca-MMT/CaCl2 SiO2, but the viscosity was also smaller than SMA/CaCO3 the latter had more Na2SiO3

After the thermal aging tests (200 ºC), SMA/CaCO3 Ca-MMT/CaCl2@SiO2

/CaCl2 @SiO2

as a result of the network structure of @

since and PSA/ had considerable impact on the rheological proper- ties and filtration properties. Fluid loss decreased noticeably because the

Table 1 – Drilling fluid properties of PSA/Ca-MMT/CaCl2 (200 ºC)*

Drilling fluid combination Formulation A Formulation A + 1%

PSA/Ca-MMT/CaCl2@SiO2 Formulation A + 1%

SMA/CaCO3/CaCl2@SiO2

Thermal aging test (200 ºC/16 hr) Before After

Before After

Before After

*Standard deviations are in parentheses.

Table 2 – Drilling fluid properties of PSA/Ca-MMT/CaCl2 (200 ºC)*

Drilling fluid combination Formulation B Formulation B + 1%

PSA/Ca-MMT/CaCl2@SiO2 Formulation B + 1% SMA/CaCO3/CaCl2

@SiO2

Thermal aging test (200 ºC/16 hr) Before After

Before After

Before After

*Standard deviations are in parentheses. AMERICAN LABORATORY • 22 • SEPTEMBER 2014 @SiO2 and SMA/CaCO3 /CaCl2 @SiO2 in Formulation B before and after thermal aging tests Properties

AV (mPa∙s) 5 (0.25) 10 (1.00) 2 (0.25) 4 (0.25) 3(0.25) 6(0.25)

PV (mPa∙s) 2 (0.25) 5 (1.00) 2 (0.25) 2 (0.25) 1.5(0.25) 4.5(0.25)

YP (Pa) 3 (0.25) 5 (1.00) 1 (0.25) 4 (0.25) 1.5(0.25) 1.5(0.25)

FL (mL)

35.5 (1.00) 96 (2.25)

18.5 (1.00) 29.5 (1.00) 33(1.00) 26(1.00)

@SiO2

inner graft polymer powder (occlusive filling effect and network effect of long chain of polymer), CaSiO3

(filling effect), and Na2 @SiO2

of CMC. SMA/CaCO3/CaCl2 residual Na2SiO3

/CaCl2 @SiO2

was greater than SMA/CaCO3 @SiO2

/CaCl2 @SiO2 SiO3

(film effect)

worked together to reduce the fluid loss. The fluid loss of PSA/Ca-MMT/ CaCl2

for the degradation . It had a lower yield point due to the granulated CaCO3

had higher viscosity because there was .

In conclusion, the rheological properties and filtration properties of SMA/ CaCO3

were superior in freshwater-based drilling fluid and

CMC-based drilling fluid at 200 ºC. In addition, the viscosity and yield point of SMA/CaCO3 CaCl2@SiO2

/CaCl2 . SMA/CaCO3 /CaCl2 @SiO2

tests (200 ºC) are shown in Figure 4. Film from Na2SiO3 after thermal aging tests.

and SMA/CaCO3 /CaCl2 @SiO2

in drilling fluid before and after thermal aging was clearly visible

in Formulation A before and after thermal aging tests Properties

AV (mPa∙s) 3.5 (0.25) 2.5 (0.25) 3 (0.25) 4 (0.25) 4.5(0.25) 4.5(0.25)

PV (mPa∙s) 2 (0.25) 1 (0.25)

2.5 (0.25) 3 (0.25) 3(0.25) 4(0.25)

YP (Pa)

1.5 (0.25) 1.5 (0.25) 1 (0.25) 2 (0.25) 1.5(0.25) 0.5(0.25)

FL (mL)

76.5 (2.25) 98 (2.25)

27.5 (1.00) 25.5 (1.00) 30.5(1) 26(1)

@SiO2 in drilling fluid was better than PSA/Ca-MMT/

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