4. Wang, M.T.; Zhu, X.G. et al. Surface pattern in thin poly (styrene–maleic anhydride) films. Polym. 1999, 40, 7387–96.
5. Shen, W.; He, H.P. et al. Grafting of montmorillonite with different func- tional silanes via two different reaction systems. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2007, 313, 268–73.
6. Recommended Practice. Standard Procedure for Field Testing Drilling Fluids, 12th ed.; American Petroleum Institute: Washington, DC, 1988.
Figure 4 – Photos of SMA/CaCO3 /CaCl2 @SiO2 and after (b) thermal aging tests (200 ºC). in drilling fluid before (a)
7. He, W.; Liu, Z.X. et al. Analytical application of poly {methyl (3-(2-hydroxy-3,4-difluoro)phenyl) propyl siloxane} as a QCM coating for DMMP detection. Talanta 2008, 76, 698–702.
8. Al-Sabagh, A.M.; Noor El-Din, M.R. et al. Styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer esters as flow improvers of waxy crude oil. J. Pet. Sci.Tech- nol. 2009, 65, 139–46.
Xiuhua Zheng is with the Drilling Fluid Laboratory, School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, PR China. Shiwei Yang is with the Drilling Engineering Research Institute, Sinopec Xinan Oilfield Service Corp., No. 699, Jinshajiang West Road, Deyang, Sichuan Province, 618000, PR China; e-mail:
blankyung@sina.cn. Zhongli Lei is with the Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Materials Sci- ence, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, PR China.
Figure 5– Diagram of mechanism for SMA/CaCO3 /CaCl2 @SiO2 .
Table 1, Table 2, and Figure 4 show that the excellent rheological proper- ties and filtration properties are related to inner graft polymer powder (occlusive filling effect and network effect of long chain of polymer), CaSiO3
(filling effect), and Na2
Conclusion SMA/CaCO3
SiO3 (film effect). These all worked together to reduce the fluid loss. The mechanism of action is shown in Figure 5. /CaCl2 @SiO2 erties of SMA/CaCO3 /CaCl2
was synthesized. At 200 ºC, the filtration prop- @SiO2
were outstanding in freshwater-based
drilling fluid and CMC-based drilling fluid due to the occlusive filling ef- fect and network effect of long chain of polymer of inner graft polymer powder, filling effect of CaSiO3 and yield point of SMA/CaCO3 PSA/Ca-MMT/CaCl2 CaCO3
/CaCl2 @SiO2 /CaCl2 @SiO2 .
References 1. Zheng, X.H.; Yang S.W. et al. Synthesis, characterization, and evalua-
tion of a fluid loss agent for high-temperature drilling fluid. American Laboratory 2013, 45(10), 22–5.
2. Prinos, J.; Tselios, C.H. et al. Properties of miscible blends of polyglu- tarimide with poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride). Polym. 1997, 38, 5921–9.
3. Lazzara, T.D.; Whitehead, M.A. et al. Linear nano-templates of styrene and maleic anhydride alternating copolymers. Eur. Polym. J. 2009, 45, 1883–90.
AMERICAN LABORATORY • 23 • SEPTEMBER 2014
, and film effect of Na2 @SiO2
because of more Na2 SiO3 . The viscosity
in drilling fluid were better than SiO3
generated from SMA/
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