bution (2Dexp to 2Dexp
into ∑2Dn
for optimization of an arbitrary ∑3Dn ∑2Dn
.
Case A. In the continuous casting process, mostly radial heat transfer creates a significant temperature gradient and provides a different cooling rate near the surface than in the middle of the 5” diameter bar. The resulting microstructures differ by a factor of three in nodule count (459 versus 142 nodules per
, and compared to experimentally obtained distri- ). In the next step, inverse simulation was used distribution by fitting
mm2
). These specimens also showed two principally different
modes of 3D nodule size distribution. The graphite nodules near the surface had close to a normal distribution of nodule diameters, while the nodule size distribution near the center of the bar comprised a bi-modal distribution with predominantly large sizes (25-50 µm) and fine sizes (5-10 µm) (Fig. 6).
Case B. In the laboratory produced heat, the effect of pouring temperature and post-inoculation by Fe-Si based inoculant
Figure 3. Ternary diagrams present statistics of heterogeneous nucleus chemistry inside graphite nodules.
Figure 4. Ternary diagrams present statistics of non-metallic inclusions in metal matrix.
44 International Journal of Metalcasting/Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014
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