Table 3. Dynamic Fracture Toughness KId EN-GJS-400LS at -40°C.
of
4. BAM–GGR 007, Leitlinie zur Verwendung von Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit für Transport- und Lagerbehälter für radioaktive Stoffe, Rev. 0, BAM Berlin (June 2002).
5. ASME Code Case N-670, “Use of Ductile Cast Iron Conforming to ASTM A 874/A 874M-98 or JIS G 5504-1992 for Transport Containments,” ASME Section III, Division 3, BC01-810 (June 2005).
6. Guideline for the Certification of Wind Turbines, Germanischer Lloyd Industrial Services GmbH, Hamburg, edition (2010).
gral concept can be converted using equation (1) when plane strain is assumed.
Independent from loading rate, fracture toughness values KI and crack initiation toughness values Ji
or JIc of the J-inte- Eqn. 1 with E being Young’s modulus and ν being Poisson’s ratio.
Comprehensive information on the procedure, analysis and results of fracture mechanics DCI large scale testing includ- ing further material data and statistical analyses is provided by an article in Engineering Fracture Mechanics.26
Conclusions
Ductile cast iron materials substantially change their de- formation behavior (strength and ductility) as well as their damage and fracture behavior from ductile to brittle by in- creasing loading rate, decreasing temperature, increasing share of pearlite and/or increasing stress triaxiality. There- fore, the corresponding experimental measuring techniques and analysis concepts have to be chosen and adapted with deliberation when a valuable quantification of fracture toughness is intended. A major lesson to be learned is that fracture toughness data of DCI should always be discussed, reported and used in correlation with microstructural pa- rameters.
REFERENCES
1. Pusch, G., Bruchmechanische Sicherheitskonzepte und ihre Anwendung auf Gusseisenwerkstoffe, konstruieren + giessen 17 (1992) 3, pp. 29-35; 17 (1992) 4, pp. 4-12; 18 (1993) 1, pp. 4-11 as well as 18 (1993) 2, pp. 4-10.
2. Baer, W., Häcker, R., Werkstoffcharakterisierung von Gusseisenwerkstoffen mit Kugelgraphit - dynamische Zugversuche unter dem Aspekt der Bauteilsicherheitsbewertung, MP Materials Testing 47, 1-2, pp. 34-44 (2005).
3. SINTAP, Structural Integrity Assessment Procedure, Final Report, EU-Project BE 95-1462, Brussels: Brite Euram Programme (1999).
International Journal of Metalcasting/Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014
7. FKM-Richtlinie Bruchmechanischer Festigkeitsnach- weis für Maschinenbauteile, Forschungskuratorium Maschinenbau, Frankfurt/Main, 3rd edition (2006).
8. DVS-Merkblatt 2401, Bruchmechanische Bewertung von Fehlern in Schweißverbindungen, DVS Verlag, Düsseldorf (2004).
9. ISO 12135, “Metallic materials - Unified method of test for the determination of quasistatic fracture toughness,” ISO, Switzerland (2002).
10. ASTM E1820, “Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fracture Toughness,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA (2011).
11. ASTM E399, “Standard Test Method for Linear- Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness KIc
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Metallic Materials,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA (2012).
12. ESIS P2, “Procedure for determining the fracture behavior of materials,” European Structural Integrity Society, Delft, The Netherlands (1992).
13. ISO/DIS 26843, “Metallic Materials – Measurement of fracture toughness at impact loading rates using precracked Charpy-type test pieces,” ISO, Switzerland (July 2012).
14. ASTM E2298, Standard Test Method for Instrumented Impact Testing of Metallic Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA (2009).
15. ISO 14556 and Amendment 1, “Steel – Charpy V-notch pendulum impact test – Instrumented test method; Amendment 1: Annex D – Instrumented Charpy V-notch pendulum impact test of sub-size test pieces,” ISO Switzerland (2000 and 2006).
16. Baer, W., Experimentelle Ermittlung dynamischer Bruchzähigkeitswerte von ferritischem Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit - Normung und aktuelle Datenbasis; Conference Werkstoffprüfung - Fortschritte der Kennwertermittlung für Forschung und Praxis, ed. H. Frenz and W. Grellmann, DVM publishers, Berlin, pp. 275-282 (2008).
17. ASTM E647, “Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA (2013).
18. ISO 12108, “Metallic materials - Fatigue testing - Fatigue crack growth method,” ISO, Switzerland, (2012).
19. Hübner, P., Schlosser, H., Pusch, G., Biermann, H., “Load history effects in ductile cast iron for wind
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