IJMC Staff Staff
Editor-in-Chief Thomas Prucha,
tprucha@afsinc.org
Technical Editors Stephen Robison,
str@afsinc.org Scott Lammers,
scottl@afsinc.org Sue Thomas-Sadowski,
sthomas@afsinc.org
Publisher Alfred Spada,
aspada@afsinc.org
Production Henry Parrilli,
hparrilli@afsinc.org
Circulation Barbara Jackowski,
bjackowski@afsinc.org
Administrative Assistant/Peer Review Pamela Lassila,
plassila@afsinc.org
IJMC Advisory & Board of Review
Gerald Call, American Foundry Society, Schaumburg, IL, USA Diran Apelian, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA Lars Arnberg, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway Charles Bates, AlchemCast L.L.C, Birmingham, AL, USA Liu Baicheng, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Christoph Beckermann, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA Lukas Bichler, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada Glenn Byczynski, Nemak Europe GmbH, Dillengen, Germany John Campbell, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom Alan Druschitz, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA Merton Flemings, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA Milan Horacek, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic John Jorstad, JLJ Technologies Inc., Richmond, VA, USA Delin Li, CanmetMATERIALS, Ottawa, ON, Canada J. Frederick Major, Consultant, Metalcasting Industry, Kingston, ON, Canada Paul Mikkola, Retired, Metal Casting Technology Inc, Milford, NH, USA William Powell, Retired, ThyssenKrupp Waupaca, Waupaca, WI, USA Von Richards, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA Gary Ruff, SMW Automotive, Rochester Hills, MI, USA Mahi Sahoo, Suraja Consulting, Ottawa, ON, Canada Geoffrey Sigworth, GKS Engineering Services, Dunedin, FL, USA Darius Singh, Page & Macrae Limited, Mt. Maunganui, New Zealand Doru Stefanescu, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA Robert Voigt, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA Qigui Wang, GM Powertrain, Pontiac, MI, USA David Weiss, Eck Industries Inc., Manitowoc, WI, USA Wenzhong Wu, Applied Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher.
International Journal of Metalcasting (ISSN# 1939-5981) is published quarterly by the Ameri- can Foundry Society Inc. Editorial, executive and subscription offices: 1695 N. Penny Lane, Schaumburg, IL 60173-4555, 847/824-0181. Subscription price (Print): $119.00 (Member), $149.00 (Nonmember) per year U.S., Canada and Mexico; all other countries $169.00 (Member), $199.00 (Nonmember). Single copies: U.S., Canada and Mexico $45.00 Member/$45.00 Nonmember (+S&H), foreign $45.00 Member/$45 Nonmem- ber (+S&H). Subscription price (Digital): $79.00 (Member), $149.00 (Nonmember) per year U.S., Canada, Mexico & all other countries. Office of Publication: 1695 N. Penny Lane, Schaumburg, IL 60173-4555. POSTMASTER: Send change of address to International Journal of Metalcasting, 1695 N. Penny Lane, Schaumburg, IL 60173-4555. The American Foundry Society, Inc., as a body, is not responsible for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication. Nothing contained in any publication of the Society is to be construed as granting right, by implication or otherwise, for manufacture, sale or use in connection with any method, apparatus or product covered by letters patent, nor as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent. © American Foundry Society Inc. 2014
International Journal of Metalcasting/Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014
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