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May 2013 C&CI • Soluble • 37 Value of soluble coffee exports (million US$) Calendar years Brazil


Colombia India


Mexico Ecuador


Côte d’Ivoire Indonesia Thailand Others Total


1990 1999 2000 2011 171 224 216 653 294


56 27 4


11 68 2 1


11


97 67 33 21 69 30 1


17


113 250 87 39 22 53 28 2


130 151 35


16


201 45 22


350 559 574 1781


significant share of imports of all forms of coffee by some countries.


The annual average of re-exports of soluble coffee by importing countries during the period 1990 to 2011 was 7.7 million bags, accounting for 32.8 per cent of re-exports of all forms of coffee. In calendar year 2011 total re-exports of soluble coffee by importing countries was 12.1 million bags compared to 2.6 million in 1990 and 7.8 million bags in 2000.


Germany the most


important re-exporter During the period covered by the study, Germany accounted for 18.7 per cent of total re-exports of soluble coffee by all importing countries, with an annual average of 1.4 million bags. Other countries recording significant volume are: Singapore (11.1per cent), Malaysia (8 per cent), the UK (7.9 per cent) and Spain (7.6 per cent). During the period 2000 to 2011, these countries continued to record significant shares of re-exports of soluble coffee by all importing countries.


Between 1990 and 2011, soluble coffee accounted for more than half of total re-exports by the United Kingdom (79.9 per cent), Switzerland (61.6 per cent), Spain (61.3 per cent) and Hungary (51.7


Averages


1990-2011 1990-1999 2000-2011 334


125 88 53 51 50 35 15 16


769


276 100 58 22 29 65 12 1


12 576


382 147 113 80 70 37 54 27 20


930


per cent), among others. Despite its rapid expansion in exporting countries, the soluble coffee trade continues to be dominated by importing countries. With regard to the value of re-exports, during the period 1990 to 2011, importing countries earned an average US$1.5 billion annually for soluble coffee re-exports averaging 7.7 million bags. During the period 2000-2011, the average value of re-exports rose to almost US$2 billion for a volume of 10.4 million bags compared with US$917 million for a volume of 4.4 million bags between 1990 and 1999. Germany was in the lead with earnings of US$518 million for re-exports of 2 million bags, representing a share of 26.3 per cent of total earnings by importing countries during the period 2000 to 2011. The UK, France, the Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland also recorded significant earnings for re-exports of soluble coffee. More recently, the value of re-exports of soluble coffee has increased considerably, rising to US$3.4 billion in 2011 for a volume of 12.1 million bags compared with US$1.1 billion in 2000 for 7.8 million bags. For the period 1990 to 2011 importing countries earned US$1.5 billion for a volume of 7.7 million bags compared with US$769 million earned by exporting countries for a volume of 5.4 million bags. The value of re- exports by importing countries far


exceeds the value of exports by exporting countries. With regard to


Leading importers of soluble coffee (average 1990 to 2011)


trends in the soluble coffee trade, the growth rate for volume is much higher in exporting countries than importing countries since 2000, at 7.5 per cent compared with


Growth rates


1990-2011 1990-1999 2000-2011 6.6%


7.4%


12.0% 18.7% 13.2% -3.1% 25.7% 23.4% 3.2% 8.1%


3.1% 6.4%


10.6% 28.0% 7.3% 0.1%


37.8% 9.9% 4.5% 5.3%


10.6% 7.5%


11.8% 11.6% 19.4% -3.6% 19.8% 33.9% 3.1%


10.8%


4.1 per cent. However, the growth rate for earnings from these transactions is more or less the same for the two groups.


Greater value


lies in re-exporting A better understanding of the performance of the two groups (exporting countries and importing countries) can be gained by comparing unit values of re-exports and exports. The unit value of re-exports by importing countries of soluble coffee is much higher than that of exports by exporting countries.


Many exporting countries have encouraged the establishment of soluble coffee processing units, mostly in partnership with two multinational companies which control over 75 per cent of the world market. Although significant increases were observed in some exporting countries, the percentage share of soluble coffee in exports of all forms of coffee continues to be around 12.5 per cent for the period 2000 to 2011. Ecuador, Thailand, India and Mexico stand out from the other exporting countries in having larger percentage shares of soluble coffee in their total exports of all forms of coffee. In the case of importing countries, the soluble coffee trade with emerging markets shows considerable momentum, with imports increasing rapidly, particularly in the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Turkey and many other countries. Among the traditional markets, soluble coffee accounts for a significant share of imports by the UK and Greece. On the other hand, soluble coffee re-exports are dominated by Germany, even though they account for less than 25 per cent of total re-exports of all forms of coffee. Finally, it should be noted that the world soluble coffee trade has been growing very rapidly since 2000, suggesting an increase in consumption of this form of coffee, particularly in emerging markets.  C&CI


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