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Preservation in Upper Michigan Part 1: Lake Linden & Torch Lake
TRAVEL AGAIN!! TIME TO
It's time to explore the rail and other wonders of Latin America and China!
JAN. 18-27, 2013: PANAMA & COSTA RICA
"Winter Warmer"! Sail through the COMPLETE Canal, see the expansion work, Ride the Train Ocean to Ocean and visit the offices and workshops. In Costa Rica we will have a charter train on the Atlantic coast, plus the suburban San Jose "Crazy Train" regular runs (newly extended to Cartago).
E-mail, Phone, or Write for details -
Contact Info at bottom. Price within Central America (including airfare from Panama to Costa Rica) is $2300.
Trailing its tender, Calumet & Hecla 0-4-0T No. 3 operates over the Lake Linden & Torch Lake Railroad at Lake Linden, Mich., on Sunday between June and September.
THE KEWEENAW PENINSULA, which juts from Michigan’s Upper Peninsula into Lake Superior, was the site of extensive cop- per mining operations beginning in the mid- 19th century. Although the last copper mine closed in 1995, 20 historical sites relating to Michigan’s mining heyday, each one having played a significant role in the development of the copper industry, have been designat- ed as “Keweenaw Heritage Sites” by the Na- tional Park Service. In the small town of Lake Linden, the Houghton County Histori- cal Museum occupies the site of the now-dis- mantled Calumet & Hecla stamp mill, at one time the largest copper milling opera- tion in the world. Here, you’ll find the only serviceable steam locomotive in the Upper Peninsula, former Calumet & Hecla 0-4-0T No. 3, which operates over the museum’s ³/₄- mile Lake Linden & Torch Lake Railroad. Michigan’s copper mining boom actually predates the California gold rush. Native American tribes were the first to discover and mine “mass copper” — nuggets of 97 per cent pure native copper — which they craft- ed into jewelry, tools, and other tradeable items. A 3708-pound chunk of copper discov- ered on the banks of the Ontonagon River (the “Ontonagon Boulder,” now housed in the Smithsonian) spurred a mining frenzy in 1845-’46, but few prospectors found such treasure lying around for the taking. Ac- cording to C. Harry Benedict’s Red Metal (University of Michigan Press, 1952), the majority of copper deposits in the Keweenaw were not loose in stream beds or on the
ground, but were found in small percentages buried within the rock.
There are two types of rich copper-bear- ing deposits on the Keweenaw: amygdaloid, which are remnants of ancient lava flows dotted with bubbles of trapped copper, and the harder, tougher conglomerate, consist- ing of bands of copper bonded with sand and rock fragments.
One of the largest mining companies in the Keweenaw was Calumet & Hecla, formed to extract copper from the rich Calumet Conglomerate lode. This vast body of copper was located in 1858 by surveyor Edwin J. Hulbert. After lining up investors in Boston, Hulbert established the Calumet Co. in 1865, and a year later spun off the Hecla Co. to mine another segment of the lode. At that time, most mining companies concentrated their efforts on mass copper, and as a result it took many years to figure out a cost-effective way to extract the metal buried within the hard ore.
Hulbert’s initial method — open-pit min- ing — proved inefficient, and in 1867 com- pany president Quincy A. Shaw appointed his son-in-law, Alexander Agassiz, to over- see the operations of both the Calumet and the Hecla. Under his direction, extensive underground workings were developed, profits rose, and by 1869 both companies were paying dividends. In 1871 they were merged to form the Calumet & Hecla Mining Co., and it didn’t take long for C&H to be- come the largest manufacturer of copper in the United States, producing over 14 million
FEB 23 - MARCH 6 MARCH 4 - 20, 2013:
TWO TOURS IN CHINA! (Groups will overlap briefly in Beijing).
First tour from Beijing heads to several steam op- erations in the Northeast. Price: $1980
Second tour heads to the far NW, and SW into Sichuan Provence for stan- dard and narrow gauge steam. Price: $3230
BOOK ON BOTH (Nearly a full month) FOR $4900. Includes all meals within China & special permits to visit workshops, etc.
ACT NOW IF YOU WANT TO SEE CHINA STEAM IN REGULAR SERVICE on industrial railways.
Revelation Journeys has operated tours since 2005.
CONTACT: Ron McElrath at 330 630 9817 (9 to 9 Eastern Time), or write: Revelation Journeys, Box 129, Tallmadge, OH 44278
E-Mail:
ronaldmcelrath@yahoo.com Bookings are taken in order and limited to 20 persons, so please act soon! Write also for Revelation Video catalog, or RAILROAD VIDEO QUARTERLY information.
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JEFF TERRY
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