Trans RINA, Vol 154, Part C1, Intl J Marine Design, Jan - Jun 2012


systems, ventilation system, and thermal insulation and are closely related with exterior and interior styling features. Say, adding a big sunroof and windows in saloon or dark color of hull is likely to require a more powerful air conditioning system. In tropics, it is important to avoid direct sunlight in the saloon through sharply sloped windows.


5.3 LIGHTING Lighting is


rated for comfort-class (Table 2) and


subdivided into natural (portholes and windows of a safe size and thickness) and artificial - mainly electrical (provided by marine grade fixtures with appropriate level of protection). Types of lighting include:


 General lighting - general illumination of an area  Accent lighting – mostly decorative, example: underwater lights,


pathway/stair lighting, exterior decorative lighting of boat, etc.


 Task lighting – functional and concentrated for special tasks, such as reading navigation charts, dinette, spreader lights, etc.


The problem with lighting on boats is that lower decks normally do not have enough window area for sufficient natural light; installation of such windows would be a compromise with safety and practicality.


Most of luxury boats possess several sophisticated lighting systems for possible situations (refer to fig.8): system of general lights,


intensity lights for watching stairway/passageway/floor


lights over dining area, low TV,


lights, night lighting option if


steering station is located in saloon, plus emergency lights showing exits; also underwater lights and exterior decoration lights. Lights should be adjustable to suit psychological moods;


decisive effect on compartment lighting effects. 5.4 ACCELERATIONS


A boat’s accelerations may cause seasickness, also known as ‘motion sickness’:


reduced ability to work, fatigue. Motion effects may be divided into:


 Low-frequency motions — i.e. heave, roll and pitch on the seaway for displacement boats underway and all boats at rest; this causes motion sickness incidence (MSI); This type of accelerations is usually characterized


as shown in the diagram superimposed with boats motions particulars.


 Medium frequency motions (planing powerboats underway); for most people this isn’t a cause for seasickness, but it can cause motion induced fatigue (MIF). Another phenomenon


is motion-induced


interruptions (MII) – these are situations where one has to stop activity to hold himself, measured in number of cases per minute. Generally MII=1 is


C-48


Special attention should be paid to deck ergonomics for easy boarding, work, easy access to mooring equipment and general feeling of safety - these can’t be designed


giddiness, vomiting, interior finish and color have


considered the upper comfortable limit for most of boats, MII<0.25 being the luxury limit.  High-frequency motions


(vibration of


structures) that can cause whole body vibration (WBV).


The effects of motions could be reduced by intelligent operation (selection of course, anchorage, speed, etc.), and also at the design stage. The key issue to provide accommodation comfort at high and medium frequency range at the design stage is proper boat sizing depending on anticipated sea condition and speed expectations. The author [1] has presented a graph for comfortable weight displacement of passenger catamarans depending on sea state and service speed. Another important feature is keeping the passenger compartments and saloon close to the center of motions – amidships or aft of center. Other factors of motions reduction are related to the hull design (stability parameters, hull shape, deadrise, etc.), use of shock-absorbing seats, body supports, etc. on planing boats, application of active and passive roll stabilizers for displacement craft, etc.


The designer should separate crew (or experienced boat owners) and passengers of luxury yachts as they have different


accelerations at the design stage


level of tolerance to motions. Analysis is important


5.5 ACCOMMODATION Discussing accommodation, two points are important:  Rational


layout planning considering environment (furniture,


 Ergonomics – suitable dimensioning living/working


passageways, etc.)


It should be underlined that design of practical and feasible accommodations is a matter of art and experience in boat space planning, and also requires practical knowledge of boat operation. The smaller the boat the more complicated and challenging is accommodation design due to limited space.


Unfortunately, today’s market is moving towards


quantity instead of quality – number of cabins, bathrooms instead of their size and functionality. Say, often from the boat buyer’s view a boat with 2 cabins looks less attractive compared to the same length 3-cabin competitor, but rarely attention is paid to the fact that an extra cabin is just a ‘storage’ bunk under cockpit sole, with other cabins just being smaller.


but


unfortunately is often treated as a secondary issue for small craft.


of


boat


functional


zones of crew and passengers and for different types of activity;


of controls,


©2012: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects


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