Biofuels production and forest area variation in selected countries
Forest area variation, 1990-2005
5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
-25% -20% -15% -10% -5% 0
Spain
Biofuel production, 2008 Million litres
36 000 25 000
Italy
3 700 750
United States
France Germany
Canada 2% 4% Malaysia Argentina Thailand Brazil
Russia 6%
India Oil crops
Per capita GDP growth, 2005
8% 10%
Cereals Oil palm Grass Woody
Change in biodiversity
As Mean Species Abundance variation High
Indonesia
Sources: Mongabay, World Bank and Biofuel Platform web databases.
Figure 3.2.4 Biofuels production and forest area variation in selected countries
Extreme (-0.9)
Nt M Moderate (-0.4 to -0.3)(-0.3 to -0.2) Neutral (No variation) Positive (+0.1 to +0.2) No data Note: Mean Species Abundance ranges between 1.0 and 0.1; when the variation is negative there’s a biodiversity loss, if positive there’s a gain.
Source: FAO, Bioenergy Environmental Impact Analysis (BIAS)-Conceptual Framework. Study prepared by Oeko-Institut, IFEU and Copernicus Institute for FAO, 2011 (in press).
Figure 3.2.5 Impact of land conversion on biodiversity 33 China Oil crops
Cereals Oil palm
Grass Woody
LAND USE
Undisturbed natural
vegetation
Disturbed natural
vegetation Existing
cropland or grassland
Set aside land
Marginal land
Abandoned land
Impact of land conversion on biodiversity Short-term impact of land conversion
IN TROPICAL REGIONS
IN TEMPERATE REGIONS