• Viruses. Your computer and the information on it can be damaged by viruses, worms, and Trojan horses. A virus is a piece of computer code that attaches itself to a program or file so it can spread from computer to computer. A worm is a type of virus that can spread without user action. A Trojan horse is a computer program that appears to be useful but actually does damage. To avoid these problems, never open anything on your computer that’s attached to an e-mail unless you were expecting the attachment and know the contents of the file. Otherwise, delete the e-mail immediately. (Viruses can spread through anyone’s e-mail; if you get an e-mail from a friend but weren’t expecting the attached file, check with the sender before opening.) You should also equip your computer with up-to-date virus and firewall software as well as current patches for software and operating systems.
• Web-site downloads. Be careful about downloading anything from a web-site. Some web sites ask your permission to download a program or “plug-in.” In some cases these programs can be used to display unwanted advertising on your computer, but they can also track what you’re doing online, plant viruses, or increase your risk of a “hacker attack.” Don’t download anything unless you’re sure it’s from a trustworthy source.
• Spamming. It’s best not to answer spam e-mail from someone you don’t know. By responding, you are verifying your e-mail address to the sender, and that information can be used to encourage a person to send inappropriate e-mails or get you on even more lists. If you receive a message containing material that is sexually explicit or violent, or that makes you feel uncomfortable, report it to your Internet service provider.
• Peer-to-Peer. P2P systems allow you to exchange software and video, photo, and text files without having to go through a web-site or other centralized system. Aside from the legal and ethical issues with unauthorized sharing of copyrighted material, there are serious safety concerns with some of these services. Some downloadable files may contain disturbing and illegal material, such as child pornography. Some services may turn your PC into a server that shares your files, placing you in legal jeopardy and allowing others to access personal information on your computer. Some available software includes “spy ware” that can invade your privacy and display unwelcome advertising. If you do use a file-sharing service, be careful about what “permissions” you give when you set it up; avoid sharing your own files and decline any offers to install extra software.
On Your Own, 2008 Edition 57
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