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The United Nations Environment Programme, as the world’s leading intergovernmental environmental orga- nization, is the authoritative source of knowledge on the current state of, and trends shaping the global environ- ment. The mission of UNEP is to provide leadership and encourage partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations.


The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), through the Sustainable Deve- lopment and Human Settlements Division assists on specific chapters of Agenda 21 such as those referring to promoting the development of human settlements, changing consumption patterns, integrating environment and development in decision-making through analysis of environmental economics and environmental impact assessments, environmentally sound management of ha- zardous products and wastes, protection of the atmos- phere and conservation of biological diversity, oceans, fresh water and desertification.


UNEP/GRID-Arendal is an official United Nations Envi- ronment Programme (UNEP) centre located in Southern Norway. Established in 1989, UNEP/GRID-Arendal’s mission is to provide environmental information, com- munications and capacity building services for informa- tion management and assessment. Together with partners in different countries and regions, UNEP/GRID-Arendal’s core focus is to facilitate the free access and exchange of information to support decision making and secure a sustainable future (www.grida.no)


This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgment of the source is made.


The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other com- mercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the UNEP. Applications for such per- mission, with a statement of purpose and intent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Division of Communications and Public Information (DCPI), UNEP, PO Box 30552, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.


For further information: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean Avenida Morse, Edificio 103. Clayton, Ciudad del Saber, corregimiento de Ancón Panama city, Panama P.O. Box 03590 http://www.pnuma.org Email: enlace@pnuma.org


Director, Division of Sustainable Development and Human Settlements


Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Casilla179-D Santiago, Chile Ph: (56-2) 2102295 Fax (56-2) 2080484 Email: DDSAH@cepal.org Web: www.cepal.org


Copyright © 2010 UNEP, ECLAC, UNEP/GRID-Arendal All rights reserved


Job Number: DEW/1325/PA ISBN: 978-92-807-3120-0


Disclaimer The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP and ECLAC or any other contributory orga- nizations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP and ECLAC or contributory organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its autho- rity, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.


In this document the names “Bolivia” and “Plurinational State of Bolivia”, and “Venezuela” and “Bolivarian Republic of Vene- zuela” are used interchangeably, and do not reflect the political opinions of UNEP or the authors of this report.


UNEP and ECLAC


promote environmentally sound practices globally and in their own activities. This publication is printed on


ecological paper. Our distribution policies aim to reduce our carbon footprint.


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