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2. Effects of climate change


Dealing with the causes and consequences of climate change will be one of the main challenges facing humanity in the present


century. The effects of climate change in the region are already significant (albeit with differences from one country


Expected impacts of climate change in 2050


Increased vulnerability to extreme events


Biodiversity threatened


Coral reefs and mangro- ves threatened


Risk of desertification Malaria


Current affected zones Possible extension in 2050


Rainfall


Increase Decrease


Coasts threatened by sea level rise Cities threatened by sea level rise


Reduced water availability Negative effects on fisheries Negative effects on agriculture Glacier shrinkage


Increased risk of forest fires


Increased aridity and scarcity of water resources


Changes in ecosystems


Negative impacts in mountain regions Ozone depletion


Sources: R. Landa et al., Cambio climático y desarrollo sustentable, 2010; ECLAC, Climate Change. A regional perspective, 2010. Figure 2.1 15 to another),


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