SUNDAY, MAY 16, 2010
KLMNO
SC5
from The Mini Page © 2010 Universal Uclick
More About Earthquakes
A changing world
The crust, or surface of the Earth,
is broken into 15 huge parts called plates. These plates are like giant puzzle pieces. Faults are located at the edges
of these plates. A fault is a break in the Earth where plates may slip past each other. Most earthquakes occur along these faults.
During a quake,
one plate might move to the side. The other plate might move the other way. The
recent earthquake in Haiti was this type of earthquake. Or one plate
might move up and the other might move down. The recent earthquake in Chile was this type of quake. This type of quake and volcanoes often occur in the same area.
from The Mini Page © 2010 Universal Uclick
Ready Resources
books or other resources that will help you learn more about this week’s topics.
The Mini Page provides ideas for Web sites,
On the Web:
•
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids •
www.fema.gov/kids/knw_eq.htm
At the library:
• “Earthquakes” by Seymour Simon • “TIME for Kids: Earthquakes!” by the Editors of TIME for
Kids with Barbara Collier • “Earthquake in the Early Morning” (Magic Tree House No.
TM
Size and strength
Scientists have several different
scales to measure the size of earthquakes. They all can be translated into a measure called magnitude. Using one measure makes it easier to compare quakes. The higher the magnitude, the
more powerful an earthquake is. A magnitude of 7 and above is considered to be a major quake.
USA (FL)
MEXICO
JAMAICA CUBA
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
A tsunami destroyed this house and car near Concepcion, Chile, after the February earthquake. This tsunami had waves about 32 feet tall.
“Tsunami” comes from a Japanese word meaning “harbor wave.” Tsunamis can be caused by earthquakes, underwater landslides, volcanic eruptions and meteorites landing in the ocean.
SOUTH AMERICA
Chile
The January earthquake in Haiti had a magnitude of 7.0. Chile’s February earthquake had an 8.8 magnitude. This was about 500 times more powerful than the Haiti quake.
In 1960, the biggest earthquake
ever recorded hit Chile. It measured at 9.5. This was more than 5,000 times stronger than the Haiti earthquake.
HAITI
from The Mini Page © 2010 Universal Uclick
Earthquakes TRY ’N FIND
Words that remind us of earthquakes are hidden in the block below. Some words are hidden backward or diagonally. See if you can find: ALASKA, BUILDINGS, CALIFORNIA, CHILE, CORE, CRUST, DAY, EARTH, ENERGY, EPICENTER, FAULT, FIRE, HAITI, HIT, MAGNITUDE, MOVE, PLATES, RING, SEISMIC, SHAKE, TSUNAMI, WAVES.
CRUST IS ON THE MOVE!
THE EARTH’S
RE WSG N I D L I U B M E K FI A
A D E K A H S AI N R V A V I T I A H V
K L O N S E
E
24) by Mary Pope Osborne • “The Earth Dragon Awakes: The San Francisco Earthquake of 1906” by Laurence Yep
LCR G T E Y T S U R C E R I AO H E VH S W T L U A F G S SR I R E T N E C I P E K Y M KE T L D E D U T I N G A M I AS E T A L P I M A N U S T C EL I H C A I N R O F I L A C
People walk in front of a collapsed building brought down by the January earthquake in Haiti. Experts say most buildings collapsed within 10 seconds after the quake started. Many people did not have enough time to escape.
© 2010 Universal Uclick
Shaking Planet
Earthquakes!
In January, a strong earthquake hit
Haiti. It killed about 220,000 people and injured about 300,000. More than a million people lost their homes. In February, an earthquake that was
about 500 times more powerful hit Chile. However, the Chile earthquake did not do as much damage. The quake and following tsunamis* killed about 500 people. Hundreds of thousands of people had major damage to their homes and businesses.
*Tsunamis (soo-NAHM-ees) are fast- moving, giant ocean waves.
Other big earthquakes have struck
in Mexico and California and in Indonesia this year. To learn more about earthquakes, The Mini Page talked with a scientist at the U.S. Geological Survey.
Parts of our planet
The Earth is formed with: A. an inner core of solid iron and
nickel B. an outer core of melted iron and
nickel C. a mantle of molten rock. This
is melting rock, in a kind of halfway stage between being solid and liquid. D. a hard
crust, from 5 miles to 40 miles deep.
The force of most earthquakes is centered in the crust (D) and in the upper part of the mantle (C).
The 8.8 magnitude earthquake that hit Chile on Feb. 27 destroyed many older buildings, such as this one in Concepcion. But most modern buildings, like the tall one in the background, were mostly undamaged in the quake. In the last 40 years, Chile has set strict standards for new buildings so that most are earthquake- resistant.
May 16, 2010
from The Mini Page © 2010 Universal Uclick
What is an earthquake?
An earthquake is a sudden release
of energy caused by the movement of the Earth’s crust or upper mantle. During an earthquake: • the Earth shakes and cracks; • quakes can cause landslides; • sandy areas with a lot of water
might turn to liquid for a few seconds to a few minutes. The liquid can be forced upward as high as 20 feet. The holes this liquid makes are called “sand boils” or “sand blows.” Earthquakes can also cause tsunamis with waves as high as 100 feet. These waves can travel about 600 miles per hour. Earthquakes in Chile have caused tsunamis that killed people in Japan.
art courtesy U.S. Geological Survey
photo by Dr. Walter D. Mooney, courtesy USGS
photo by Dr. Walter Mooney, courtesy USGS
photo by Dr. Walter D. Mooney, courtesy USGS
Basset Brown The News Hound’s
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