STANDARDS
Release 4.0 of EMVA 1288 addresses non-linear cameras
T
he European Machine Vision Association has announced release 4.0 of its 1288 standard for
characterising industrial cameras. Release 4.0 includes the ability to
characterise non-linear cameras and cameras with unknown pre-processing. Te previous release, 3.1, was based on a linear model and was limited to cameras with a linear response and without any pre-processing. Te new release contains improvements
to the linear model, while also addressing non-linear cameras, thanks to a universal theoretical system approach. ‘Te future starts with the release of
4.0,’ Prof Dr Bernd Jähne, chair of EMVA 1288, told those attending the EMVA’s 2021 business conference. ‘It’s [version 4.0] a significant progress compared to the old standard.’ Te idea behind the universal, black box
approach is to make the standard easier to use. Tis approach makes no assumptions about what is going into the camera, but just measures the input/output relationship. Te measurements are the same, but they are analysed in a different way. Jähne explained that what is of interest is
the signal quality, which is expressed by the signal-to-noise ratio, and that is given by the direct measurement of the output. Te linear model remains; users make their measurements and then decide whether to apply the linear model or the more general, black box model.
All application-related quality parameters
can be measured with EMVA 1288. Te standard defines a unified method to measure, compute and present specification parameters for cameras and image sensors. It creates transparency by defining reliable and exact measurement procedures, as well as data presentation guidelines. It makes the comparison of cameras and image sensors easier. Release 4.0 also includes expansions
to characterise the latest generation of image sensors and cameras. It now covers an extended wavelength range from the UV to SWIR, and raw data of any given image acquisition modality can now be characterised according to the standard.
‘Te future starts with the release of version 4.0’
Tis includes colour, going beyond the classic RGB sensors to multispectral sensors, as well as polarisation sensors, a combination of colour and polarisation sensors, and time-of-flight sensors. Te analysis tools of the standard can
also be applied to quantities calculated and derived from multiple channels – for polarisation image sensors, these are, for example, the degree of polarisation and the polarisation angle. Inhomogeneities are measured in detail and are now split into column, row, and
Prof Dr Bernd Jähne, chair of EMVA 1288
pixel variations. Tey can be determined with a new method at all intensity levels from just two captured images. Optionally, cameras with optics or with
illumination as given by the position of the exit pupil of the optics for which the image sensor was designed can be measured according to the standard. Te standard is therefore now also suitable for image sensors with pixels shifted towards the edge. A more suitable measure for the linearity
of the characteristic curve has also been introduced. EMVA is offering certification for the 1288
standard, at a user level, targeting those who want a basic knowledge about the optimum application of cameras, and an expert level, targeting engineers involved in camera development or testing. O
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