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HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING


be continuously recalibrated. Tis requires an enormous amount of work,’ Eckstein remarked. ‘Experts believe that it will take at least


another five years before hyperspectral imaging and corresponding applications will have progressed enough for use on the mass market,’ he added. Meanwhile, Arad warned that the cost and


complexity of current hyperspectral systems are ‘still major hurdles in their widespread adoption’. Although the cost of single acquisition systems may be affordable even for a small business, he argued that the added cost ‘becomes unsustainable when multiple imaging systems must be deployed’. In his view, another problem is that the industry has not yet really developed set solutions for hyperspectral data processing, with most applications still requiring a time consuming, and possibly expensive, development phase. Fortunately, he said that quite a lot of work


is being done to overcome this limitation, with companies like Perception Park already reducing the development time of such solutions, by making hyperspectral data more easily readable by non-experts. ‘As for the issues of cost and complexity, I


believe we’ll see two distinct trends emerge,’ Arad said. ‘Te cost of dedicated hyperspectral imaging equipment will continue to fall, making it a viable option for small businesses and even hobbyists. At the same time, the spectral sensing capabilities of conventional image sensors will increase significantly.’ ‘VNIR sensors are already quite common


in cellular phones, oſten referred to as RGBW, though their spectral capabilities remain hidden behind the camera’s image processing hardware. With companies like HC-Vision tapping into these abilities, and


An example of the low-light performance boost the HC-Vision camera design provides over conventional RGB cameras


perhaps even enhancing them through small changes in camera design, it’s likely that we’ll see hyperspectral sensing applications in the consumer market sooner, rather than later,’ Arad added.


Cost reduction Te amount of data passed from a hyperspectral camera tends to cause a high load for processing units, typically calling on devices like PCs to reduce the data by extracting relevant spectral information. However, in the future, Eckstein has predicted that this kind of reduction and pre-processing could be carried out by the camera directly – following an application-specific configuration – helping to ‘significantly reduce the cost and therefore broaden the range of applications’. ‘Te other critical


issue is the calibration of the camera and light setup. Currently, there is no standardised form to perform that. Having such a standard would ease the realisation of applications and better support quality assurance,’ Eckstein said. Williamson agreed that increases in GPU


being successfully solved. Once we see take-up using the recent developments, we will see costs reduce further, in turn making more applications viable,’ Williamson said. Looking ahead, Pail envisages a ‘massive’


drop in the price of hyperspectral cameras, accompanied by dramatic miniaturisation and increased resolutions. He pointed out that, in 2008, it was nearly impossible to purchase a hyperspectral camera for less than €50,000 and the cameras were large and bulky, but that today, ‘cameras a quarter of the size are available for less than €20,000’. ‘So in the future we will also find


Those who anticipate the expansion of hyperspectral sensing into consumer applications and position themselves accordingly will reap the benefits


Hyperspectral classification of land use from an aerial photograph


processing capabilities mean that the ‘vast levels of processing needed in real-time applications are becoming more feasible’. Ultimately, he believes it will not be long before there are smart hyperspectral cameras with pre-defined classifiers getting closer to the application. ‘Hyperspectral imaging is in its infancy and first we need to see the quantity of applications


26 Imaging and Machine Vision Europe • December 2017/January 2018


hyperspectral cameras for a few hundred Euros. As a consequence, more and more applications will become feasible and hyperspectral technology will find its way into many industries and into the consumer market as well,’ Pail added. Over the next few


years, Arad thinks that the most exciting area of innovation for hyperspectral imaging is going to be the consumer


market – and he pointed to huge demand for hyperspectral applications such as food analysis and safety, drug verification, forgery detection and even security and biometrics. ‘Te current generation of hardware and


soſtware can’t quite meet the demand just yet, but we’re fast approaching the point where it will,’ Arad concluded. ‘Tose who anticipate the expansion of hyperspectral sensing into consumer applications and position themselves accordingly will reap the benefits.’ O


@imveurope www.imveurope.com


MVTec Software


HC-Vision


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