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LIFE SCIENCES


Imaging at super resolution


Greg Blackman explores the latest advances made in scientific CMOS sensors and asks whether CCDs still have a place in life science imaging


T


he 2014 Nobel Prize for Chemistry was awarded to three scientists for the invention of super resolution


microscopy, techniques that overcome the diffraction limit of visible light to view cellular objects as small as tens of nanometres. Stefan Hell, of the Max Planck Institute in Göttingen, Eric Betzig, of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in the USA, and W E Moerner, of Stanford University, USA, were recognised jointly for work stretching back through each of their careers – Betzig cited Moerner’s 1989 scientific paper on the optical detection of a single molecule inside a crystal as influential on his early work on super resolution imaging techniques. Now, there is a whole raſt of super resolution


microscopes commercially available, all using variations on the super resolution theme, which typically involves tagging cellular structures with fluorescent proteins to image them. Photo-activated localisation microscopy


(PALM) developed by Betzig – he built his first PALM system in his friend Harald Hess’s living room, so the story goes – and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, which Hell is credited with inventing, have been followed by lattice light-sheet microscopy, point accumulation imaging in nanoscale topography (PAINT) and structured illumination microscopy (SIM), among others. Leica Microsystems launched its first super


resolution system in 2004, and followed this with a STED system in 2007. It’s an impressive rise of a branch of life sciences that was conceived in academia, but which has led to


18 Imaging and Machine Vision Europe • December 2017/January 2017 @imveurope www.imveurope.com


PCO


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