HEAT NETWORKS


Heat network pipes distribute low-carbon heat from a central source to homes and businesses


geothermal energy, solar, or biomass, heat networks offer significant carbon emission reduction benefits, especially when compared to traditional gas-fired heating systems. Population growth is increasing urbanisation across the UK. As a result, reducing local air pollution is increasingly gaining significance. By relying on cleaner energy


sources compared to more traditional central heating systems that burn coal or oil, heat networks offer trusted ways of improving air quality for building occupants and anyone else in the area.


This not only increases wellbeing


Are we witnessing a heat network revolution?


With net zero targets looming and demand for energy efficiency rising, heat networks are gaining traction. Alex Hill explores their growing appeal and viability for decarbonising building heating.


Alex Hill www.whitecode.co.uk


W


Managing director at Whitecode Consulting


hen you consider the Climate Change Committee estimated in 2024 that buildings


produce 17% of the UK’s total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the average gas boiler is reportedly responsible for more CO₂-equivalent emissions in a year than taking seven transatlantic flights, identifying ways of decarbonising heating is becoming absolutely essential. It’s therefore no surprise that many UK energy managers and property owners are turning to heat networks as a way of cutting carbon emissions, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and reducing energy bills for occupants.


How they work Heat networks deliver heat from a central source to multiple commercial buildings or homes through a network of insulated pipes and the utilisation of heat interface units (HIU) installed in each property.


This enables end users to control their hot water and heating system in the same way as a traditional central heating system. They are often more energy efficient than individual


EIBI | JULY / AUGUST 2025


central heating systems, particularly when renewable energy sources are integrated or combined heat and power plants are used. Heat networks are increasingly being used across the UK. Official government data illustrates there are more than 14,000 heat networks across the UK, providing around 3% of nationwide heat consumption. Ofgem estimates 66% of all existing UK heat networks are owned and managed by social landlords, with around 150,000 housing association households in England alone connected to a heat network. The increased popularity of heat


networks is illustrated by a recent major infrastructure project in Westminster. Known as the South Westminster Area Network (SWAN), the substantial £1 billion heat network installation will distribute waste heat from the surrounding region to homes and business premises between Victoria Station and Temple Underground Station, by the Strand. This is expected to save 75,000


tonnes of CO₂ every year and significantly improve air quality.


Renewable energy integration With the UK’s net zero target of 2050 rapidly approaching, the drive to decarbonise the building stock is increasing the need to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Able to integrate fully with


renewable energy sources, such as 29


and productivity but also makes properties more attractive to potential renters or buyers, giving property developers and energy managers more incentives to adopt heat networks and other energy efficient systems and processes.


Cost savings With district heating systems often cheaper to operate and maintain long- term than individual central heating systems, the associated cost savings can then be passed on to consumers. Additionally, heat networks are able


to offer more predictable energy costs over time. Consequently, the volatile energy prices that typically affect more traditional heating methods, such as electricity or natural gas, can be avoided.


While heat networks offer a superb,


low-carbon alternative to central heating systems, they may not be the panacea the built environment needs – just yet. They have typically been less


regulated, meaning consumers have less control or protection when it comes to pricing and servicing quality.


Renewable technologies and heat networks can work together to cut carbon emissions


However, the Heat Network (Market Framework) Regulations set to launch between now and 2027 aims to improve customer service, ensure fair pricing, and enhance energy supply reliability. Heat networks may need to be


comprehensively designed to handle peak loads – potentially leading to higher infrastructure costs. Managing this level of demand will be crucial if the heat network is to remain efficient. Additionally, they are typically more suitable in densely populated areas where any infrastructure costs can be spread across a larger number of users. As a result, this makes them less viable for areas of low density and enforces the need for a solution to be found to enable more widespread adoption. There is also the issue of consumer


acceptance and awareness of the potential viability of heat networks. Some energy managers and building owners may be hesitant to adopt a district heating system, especially if they are more used to having individual control over their heating provider. Indeed, owners of buildings that are part of heat networks won’t have a choice of which company supplies their heating and hot water. Understanding of the benefits of utilising heat networks must therefore be increased. District heating designers and sustainability consultants can play a vital role here, assessing and auditing heat networks to help building owners unlock the most efficient systems and potentially save tens of thousands of pounds in wasted gas. Indeed, Whitecode Consulting specialises in MEP design and sustainability consultancy, helping clients from across the UK reduce their energy consumption and meet sustainability targets through effective utility design. ■


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