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The UK’s electric grid - can it really cope with Net Zero?
Rinnai’s Chris Goggin explores how wider electrifi cation of the UK domestic & commercial energy mix could infl uence decarbonisation eff orts and customer choices of heating and hot water appliances
A
s part of the recent “Powering Up Britain” government document, wider electrifi cation was specifi ed as a key strategic aim in
decarbonising the UK. Future domestic, commercial and industrial energy will be provided through several ways, one method of decarbonisation will focus on producing sustainably sourced and cheap electricity for UK customers. There is a series of logical steps if Net Zero is to
be achieved by 2050. If the UK is going to proceed with decarbonisation through electrifi cation, then providing the electricity for the mass use of electric vehicles will be key. To power an Electric Vehicle (EV) requires the widespread availability of charging points across the UK. There are over 33 million vehicles on the UK’s roads, the majority of which will require electricity. Can current National Grid capacity cope with
increase of electric vehicles and the demand surge for domestic, commercial and industrial usage facilitated through wider UK electrifi cation? A BBC article published just recently has revealed that clean energy projects are being put on hold due to a lack of electrical grid capacity. Some renewable energy companies believe this lack of electrical grid capacity could potentially negate the progress of UK Net Zero targets.
It has been estimated that the UK requires fi ve times more solar power and four times as much wind generation than what is being presently manufactured. All of which will need to be connected to the national grid. The BBC report estimated that £200 billion of clean energy projects are waiting to be connected with 40% of these projects facing at least a year of further procrastinating. UK decarbonisation aims are centred on the
dispersal of clean and cheap electricity. However, relying on renewables in the short term to completely satisfy national energy supplies is not risk adverse.
Renewable power yield relies on weather conditions that seasonally fl uctuate. Although possible, there are still theoretic and
technical challenges that require addressing before the UK electric grid can be considered capable of handling both wider national electrifi cation and the inclusion of EV’s on UK roads. Electricity is generated through various renewable and non-renewable practises such as wind, solar, tidal, nuclear and natural gas. Although UK energy policy makers are keen on reducing and eventually phasing out fossil fuel usage altogether, natural gas has been recognized as a key decarbonising transitional fuel source, as it is used in times of low wind yield to produce electricity (wind being the second highest contributor to UK electrical generation at 25%). UK policy makers have identifi ed cheap and sustainable electricity as a main contributor to national decarbonisation eff orts. As a result, the UK’s electrical capacity grid will have to be expanded. ‘Powering up Britain’ also states that energy independence can be achieved through potentially doubling Britain’s electrical capacity by 2030 whilst ensuring cost eff ective electrifi ed power. To provide continuity to UK home market energy supplies, a baseload of power is dispersed to communities throughout the UK. A baseload of power ensures that the minimum requirement of national demand is constantly met. Baseload energy demands are satisfi ed via energy sources that are cost eff ective and readily available, such as natural gas. Dispatchable power are separate sources of energy
that are utilised in times of peak demand. Throughout the calendar year the UK power grid will experience times of pressure where it is a necessity to incorporate additional energy to cope with demand and output. Current capacity of the UK electrical grid stands at
334.2 TWh (terawatt-hour: a unit of energy equal to one trillion watts for one hour). It is estimated that with the inclusion of electric vehicles will create an additional 100TWh demand increase. That, in rounded terms, means an increase of about one third of current levels. The UK electrical grid is designed to coincide with seasonal and daily peak times of demand. For example, in a seasonal context the demand for electricity is far higher in January then it is in
Renewables
July. Daily electrical demand rhythms are similar – evening demand is far higher than in mid to early afternoon. Developments in technology, energy effi ciency and inclusion of renewables mean that the UK electric grid needs to be positioned to deal with further output demand created by the anticipated but not guaranteed widespread EV adoption across the UK. Work will also continue to develop V2G (vehicle- to-grid) technology that allows electric car owners to send excess un-used electricity back to the grid when demand is high further creating grid fl exibility. Inter-continental grid connections to countries such as France, the Netherlands, Ireland, Belgium and Norway are connected to the UK through sub- sea cables. This means the UK grid can access power from other nations in times of high demand and system stress, as well as import and export at fi nancially benefi cial rates. The recent “Powering Up Britain” paper stated the UK government’s aim to accelerate delivery of strategic transmission upgrades by at least three years with the specifi c aim of reducing delivery time in half to UK customers. The Electricity Networks Commissioner will be advising the UK government on how to accelerate grid delivery and will present recommendations to ministers in June. Rinnai understands the complexity of UK
decarbonisation eff orts and we are committed to informing UK customers on the detail and impact of current and future energy policy as well as shifts in the energy landscape that could aff ect customer cost.
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