PARTNER FOCUSFANS Timescale 1 year 10 years 15 years


Percentage diff erence + 11.6% + 11.6% + 11.6% Additional energy


43935 Additional cost [€] Additional CO2 7908 14.9 Table 2: Underperformance of a CO2 439354 79084 148.5 installation


System 2: HFC installation In this case study, heat rejection is performed by an HFC condenser using R448a refrigerant with a 32% underperformance. The 32% underperformance is based on a previous study on HFC condensers, which can also be found in the white paper, ‘Beyond the brochure: Exposing the reality of refrigeration product underperformance.’ This results in a +3.5 K condenser outlet temperature penalty under the assumption used for this simulation all year round.


Results


The simulation displayed the additional energy consumption, running costs and CO2


year period under the simulated conditions as follows. 1 year


Percentage diff erence vs. baseline [%]


+ 11.7%


Additional energy [kWh] 43360 Additional cost [€]


7805


Additional CO emission 2


[tons] 14.7 + 11.7%


433603 78048


146.6 Table 3: Underperformance of a HFC installation


Measuring diff erent underperformance rates To provide a broader view of the impact on refrigeration systems across diff erent underperformance rates, the following scenarios were simulated for comparative and illustrative purposes: S1 case: CO2


refrigerant, -10% penalisation = +0.5 K condenser


outlet temperature in transcritical phase and +2.5 K in subcritical phase S2 case: CO2


refrigerant, -20% penalisation = +1 K condenser


outlet temperature in transcritical phase and +3 K in subcritical phase S3 case: CO2


refrigerant, -30% penalisation = +1.5 K condenser


outlet temperature in transcritical phase and +3.5 K in subcritical phase S4 case: R448a refrigerant, -10% penalisation= +2.5K condenser outlet temperature all year round S5 case: R448a refrigerant, -20% penalisation= +3K condenser outlet temperature all year round S6 case: R448a refrigerant, -30% penalisation= +3.5K condenser outlet temperature all year round


Results were simulated across 1-year, 10-years and 15-years to mimic the lifecycle of HFC condensers and CO2


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The results show that even a small underperformance can have a large impact over the lifecycle of a product. Conclusion


Over a 15-year life cycle, underperforming heat rejection equipment may: ■Use at least 650000 kWh in additional energy ■Cost in excess of 117.000€ extra to run ■Produce over 219 tonnes of avoidable CO₂ emissions.


This is without considering the additional impact on system reliability and longevity, as components work harder to meet the required heat rejection under these simulated conditions. www.eurovent-certifi cation.com


www.acr-news.com • July 2026 13 10 years 15 years + 11.7%


650404 117073


219.8 emissions over a 1-year, 10-year and 15- 659031 118625 222.8


1 year


S1


S2


S3


S4


S5


S6


Percentage diff erence vs. baseline [%] + 8.1% + 9.8% + 11.4% + 8.5% + 10.1% + 11.7% Additional energy [kWh]


29776 Additional cost [€] Additional CO2 emission [tons] 5360 10.1 36448 6561 12.3


Table 4: Underperformance at varying conditions over 1-year. 10 years


S1 Percentage diff erence vs. baseline Additional energy [kWh] Additional cost [€] Additional CO2 emission [tons] S2 43301 7794 14.6 30214 5438 10.2 36707 6607 12.4 43360 7805 14.7


S3


S4


S5


S6 + 8.1% + 9.8% + 11.4% + 8.5% + 10.1% + 11.7% 297760 364479 433009 302138 367071 433603 53597 100.6 65606 123.2 77942 146.4


Table 5: Underperformance at varying conditions over 10-years. 15 years


S1 Percentage diff erence vs. baseline [%] + 8.1% Additional energy [kWh] Additional cost [€] Additional CO2 emission [tons] 446640 80395 151 S2 + 9.8% 546719 98409 184.8 54385 102.1 66073 124.1 78048 146.6


S3 + 11.4% 649514 116912 219.5 Table 6: Underperformance at varying conditions over 15-years.


S4 + 8.5% 453207 81577 153.2


S5 + 10.1% 550607 99109 186.1


S6 + 11.7% 650404 117073 219. 8


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