Internet of Things
IoT solution design: Leveraging the ecosystem to make the right choices
By Volker Keith, executive vice president product division ARM COM, SECO Northern Europe
Figure 1: Edge computing brings data processing and storage closer to the sources of data T
he embedded solution market has evolved significantly in the last decade, driven mainly by the expansion of the Internet of things (IoT). Increasingly sophisticated applications are demanding more processing power and more flexibility along with ever- decreasing size. Many applications, such as wearables, also require low-power devices which can run for extended periods on battery power without forced cooling. This evolution has been enabled by increasing levels of innovation within the embedded systems.
The IoT as a driver of innovation in embedded systems
The global IoT market continues to grow rapidly, driven by factors such as access to low-cost, low-power sensor technology, availability of high-speed connectivity, an increase in cloud adoption and increasing use of data processing and AI-based analytics. Developers across all sectors are leveraging these technologies to build innovative
40 October 2024
applications, including advanced wearables & mobile systems in the consumer and medical sectors, autonomous automobiles, factory automation systems and many more. In this dynamic market, several trends are emerging, including: The increasing availability of low-power semiconductor devices enables a wide range of low-cost sensors which can operate for extended periods on battery power. Sensors are becoming more intelligent as the processing power deployed in them increases and many devices deployed at the edge are now capable of controlling arrays of sensors, gathering, and pre-processing their data. Sophisticated software, once limited to powerful servers in the cloud, can now be hosted on these devices - at the edge. Edge computing brings data processing and storage closer to the sources of data, reducing latencies associated with the internet and the volumes of data flowing across it. The emerging cloud-edge architectures
Components in Electronics
allow server resources to be distributed and interchanged between the cloud and the field devices and support the growing ability of IoT applications to leverage AI techniques, through ML models running at the edge. OEMs and manufacturers are increasingly seeking to monetize the data generated by their equipment, using AI-based applications to build value-added services such as predictive maintenance in the automotive and industrial sectors. With many mission-critical processes depending on the data generated by a burgeoning number of IoT endpoints, cybersecurity has become a high-profile topic. Each endpoint represents a potential entry point for a malicious attack that could alter the behaviour of an application with potentially disastrous results. Effective security measures span the complete software stack, starting with secure bootstrap processes and encompassing secured operating systems, safe cloud connectivity and safe OTA strategies. Various security standards such as ETSI EN
303 645 and ETSI TS 103 exist to guide the developer in the implementation of effective security solutions and the European Cybersecurity Act provides a cybersecurity framework for products.
This evolution of the IoT has driven a corresponding evolution in embedded technology, the hardware, software technologies and supporting tools that support the above innovations. We examine what embedded technology must offer to fulfil these requirements.
The evolution of embedded processing
Embedded systems comprise low-cost, low- power application processors, embedded in mechanical or electrical systems which collect data from these physical devices to enable a user to make intelligent decisions and return the results to the physical devices. This basic description covers a complex hardware and software environment that is constantly evolving to meet the above requirements.
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