AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS FEATURE
just detect that an object exists. Handling the power required for these systems and the heat that can be generated poses significant challenges for LIDAR system designers. And of course, lowering the power consumption of the signal chain will lower the heat generated by the solution. A component’s performance over temperature can be greatly shifted, and some components of the signal chain that are more susceptible will need temperature compensation. Thermoelectric controllers are a great way of cooling or heating ICs with high accuracy. For example, laser diodes need temperature compensation to maintain operation of wavelength and efficiency over the LIDAR system’s operating temperature range.
Voltage biases for avalanche photodiodes and lasers in some cases require hundreds of volts, positive or negative, to operate. Generating these voltages with high efficiency and with as few components as possible is the best design practice. Precision digital-to-analog converters (DACs) are needed to generate bias points, current, and voltage for providing accurate reference inputs. Along with the traditional voltage domains of 1.8 V to 12 V, there is an increased need for voltage levels in a LIDAR system. Careful selection of power solutions pays off, especially when another voltage is added to the solution. It is also important to choose ICs and power supplies that have a shutdown or low power mode where the system has flexibility to cycle through many channels. IMUs integrated with LIDAR sensors provide many benefits. IMU sensors intelligently fuse multiaxis gyroscopes and accelerometers to provide reliable position and motion discernment for stabilization and navigation applications. Precision microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) IMUs deliver the required accuracy levels even in complex operating environments when faced with extreme motion dynamics. IMUs provide an autonomous driving system with dead reckoning, localization, and stabilization capability. This in turn provides trusted data to the system when ADAS or GPS performance is degraded or unavailable. IMUs benefit from fast update rates (thousands of samples per second) and are immune to changes in the external environment. The more stable the IMU, the longer it can be trusted to provide critical insights to the system. IMUs can be integrated directly into LIDAR modules to detect,
analyze, and correct for vibrations commonly found in an automotive environment. For example, the IMU output can be used to shift LIDAR point clouds that would have otherwise been misaligned due to the vehicle running over a pothole on the road. Bearing wear on spinning LIDAR systems can also be detected using an IMU, which allows the LIDAR to be serviced before a failure occurs in the field. The complexities for a LIDAR system require attention during initial product definition to determine the acceptable SNR, detection requirements, field of view, thermal limits, and power consumption. Realizing which components are the main contributors to each, along with careful IC selection, increases the chances of a successful design.
Analog Devices
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