INDUSTRY FOCUS AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS AUTOMOTIVE DATA STORAGE GETS A BOOST WITH 3D NAND
Graham Hutchins marketing manager for Simms, memory and storage specialists investigates how memory storage for automotive applications is being met with the latest advanced 3D NAND technology
an hour and a half of driving. (Source:
https://newsroom.intel.com/editorials/self- driving-cars-big-meaning-behind-one- number-4-terabytes/). 3D NAND technology is increasingly being adopted in flash storage. Does 3D measure up to the tried-and-tested planar 2D, and is it the right time to switch? By stacking memory cells vertically, 3D NAND
T
echnology is radically changing the driving experience by enhancing comfort and safety
with driver monitoring systems and autonomous technologies. These sophisticated systems generate unprecedented volumes of data that need to be stored, retrieved, transmitted, processed and analysed. Given the safety and life-critical challenges of automotive applications, what storage options are available? High-capacity memory cards are the obvious
choice, as they are small, light and can hold vast amounts of driving data. Self-driving cars, for example, generate about 4TB of data daily in just
has higher reliability compared with 2D NAND due to lower cell-to-cell interference. 3D NAND memory cards employ either charge trap (CT) or floating gate (FG) architecture. In theory, CT's thinner tunnel oxide requires lower tunneling voltage, resulting in higher overall endurance. FG, on the other hand, is more suitable for data retention at high temperature. Ultimately, only hard evidence or test data
should be trusted to determine which solution is suitable for automotive requirements. Regardless of the solution, it is important to allow the cards to perform reliably in extremely low or high temperatures as vehicles go through different thermal cycles. Additionally, considering the massive random data transactions, memory cards
are well suited to the high storage demands of future autonomous vehicles. Not all memory cards are created equal.
Typical consumer cards are not built for rigorous driving conditions, while industrial cards made specifically for automotive applications are meticulously tested from IC to mass production level to enable them to withstand extreme temperatures, vibration/shock, humidity, sudden power loss and other challenges. With 3D NAND technology, industrial memory
cards have higher densities and lower cost per bit. Beyond capacity benefits, they are also highly customisable, allowing an increase in performance and lifespan depending on customer requirements and device configuration. They are ideal for data-rich applications such
as road recorders, in-vehicle infotainment, navigation systems and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Selecting the right cards maximises uptime, engineering resources and customer satisfaction so it’s important to select application-tailored solutions from industry experts.
http://www.atpinc.com/
SHINING A LIGHT ON AUTOMOTIVE WITH MORE ADVANCED SAFETY FEATURES FOR THE CARS OF TODAY
Security has always been closely associated with light – in our everyday lives, as well as in driving safety. Today, increasingly more intelligent and autonomously operating applications with visible and invisible light are providing more comfort and driving safety. LEDs and optoelectronics are taking on crucial importance in this respect, says Osram Opto Semiconductors. Today, we can find a wide range of solutions based on visible light in automotives: from intelligent headlights, where new multi-pixel LED technology is shaking up the industry, to efficient interior lighting or head-up displays. In addition to much discussed topics such as adaptive driving beam (ADB) or adaptive front lighting systems (AFS), there are numerous applications that contribute to improving automotive safety – these include solutions such as adaptive cruise control, pre-crash sensing, automatic emergency braking, pedestrian protection, active NIR night vision, driver monitoring, occupancy detection and many more. Many safety-related automotive systems are based on invisible light from infrared LEDs (IREDs). Depending on the wavelength, these light sources are
used in different applications. A main application field for IREDs with a wavelength of 850 nanometres (nm) are, for example, infrared lighting units for camera systems that monitor the outside environment of a car. These systems include night vision systems and forward collision detection systems such as pre-crash sensing and pedestrian protection solutions that work with camera images. Flooding the scene in front of the vehicle with infrared light enables the vehicle environment to be reliably detected even in the dark. Unlike laser-based assistance systems which work with pulsed light, the above-mentioned systems tend to use permanent light sources. In the last years, there have been major improvements in the efficiency, brightness, a decreased size and lower system costs for such IRED solutions, helping to accelerate the implementation of these safety systems into the automotive market. IREDs with a wavelength of 85nm are predominantly used for exterior applications. The reason lies in human perception of infrared light at a wavelength
range lower than 900nm: It appears as red glow to the human eye. While this is not problematic in exterior systems, it would be disturbing for interior applications. In these areas of applications infrared light with 940nm is used, as this spectral range is no longer perceived as red glow. A typical application for IREDs with 940nm is driver monitoring: a camera system with infrared lighting monitors the driver’s face and line of vision. The system can direct drivers’ attention back to the traffic when they are not looking directly at the road. It can also detect when drivers are tired and alert them – a well- recognised improvement for road safety. Passenger occupation detection systems can also improve safety by adjusting the deployment of the airbag according to the passengers’ position, while gesture recognition improves the ease of operating car systems. In addition to efficiency and performance, the development progress for the latest generation of 940nm IRED components, such as the Oslon Black
family, includes advancements in high optical pulse outputs and a wide range of integrated lens options. These allow system designers to select the right IRED for virtually any application without having to install secondary optics. Another automotive technology using invisible light is called LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging). LiDAR works on the principle of radar but uses light
pulses emitted by an infrared laser diode. The latest developments have seen various multi-beam LiDAR systems, which generate an accurate, three- dimensional image of the vehicles’ surroundings. This information is used to initiate the appropriate driving manoeuvres.
https://www.osram.com/os/applications/automotive-applications/index.jsp
30 JUNE 2018 | ELECTRONICS / ELECTRONICS
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