COMMENT


The hybrid connection behind robotic intelligence


By Brad Cunningham, director of industrial products, PEI-Genesis A


s robotics become more capable, their electrical architectures are becoming more complex. More sensors, actuators, vision systems and controllers must operate within increasingly compact machines, while power and data still need to be delivered reliably through constantly moving joints. In 2025, the industrial robotics market is valued at nearly USD 27 billion, driven by growing adoption across manufacturing, logistics and precision assembly. As hybrid connectors provide a way to accommodate different circuits within a compact, motion- intensive architecture.


Electrical separation At the core of a hybrid connector is electrical separation with mechanical unity. High-current power lines run alongside low- voltage signal and data paths, with contact zoning, insulating barriers and a controlled geometry preventing interference and electrical breakdown.


Power contacts, often size eight or 12 can carry tens of amps at a few hundred volts, while smaller size 22 or 24 contacts handle logic and sensor signals. Carefully controlled creepage and clearance reduce the risk of arcing under load or humidity, while conductive shells and internal grounding rings help contain electromagnetic noise. For robotics, this is critical when servo drives must receive sufficient current while encoders, sensors and vision systems require clean communications. A well- engineered hybrid connector can maintain the 100 Ω impedance required by Ethernet- based networks, even when high-speed differential pairs are positioned close to high-voltage contacts.


Hybrid circular connectors built to MIL- DTL-38999 or 26482 standards demonstrate this approach, supporting multiple current ratings and data speeds within one housing. M12 and M23 hybrid connectors similarly combine DC power and high-speed Ethernet, reducing the number of interfaces required.


Mechanical reliability


Electrical performance is only useful if the connector can withstand the mechanical


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demands of robotics. Continuous motion exposes interconnects to torsion, vibration and shock. Torque-defined couplings can maintain seal compression through repeated mating cycles, helping prevent ingress.


Contact, materials and plating are equally important. Copper-alloy contacts plated with gold or silver maintain low resistance under movement and vibration, while plating helps prevent fretting corrosion. This is particularly relevant in high-torque joints, where regenerative braking can introduce voltage spikes into the harness. Backshells and strain-relief transfer mechanical stress into the cable rather than the contact crimp, while sealed housings rated to IP68 or IP69K can protect against moisture in demanding factory environments. Metal shells also provide a low-resistance grounding path, helping maintaining signal integrity around high- frequency servo drives.


System-level integration The benefits extend beyond the connector itself. Combining power, signal and data in one interface can reduce harness size, weight and the number of potential failure


OCTOBER 2026 | ELECTRONICS FOR ENGINEERS


points, while allowing tighter cable routing through robot joints and effectors. Modular inserts can further simplify reconfiguration, allowing engineers to change contact arrangements without redesigning the connector housing. This flexibility is increasingly valuable as robots evolve and their electrical requirements change.


PEI-Genesis specialises in assembling hybrid connectors to customer specifications. The offer includes a wide range of circular and rectangular platforms, such as MIL-DTL-38999, MIL-DTL-26482, M12 and M23 hybrids with options for custom contact configurations, plating and sealing for power and high-speed data transmission while maintaining EMC performance and environmental protection.


As robotics becomes more compact and connected, hybrid connectors provide a practical way to bring power and data together without compromising reliability. By combining electrical performance with mechanical resilience, they can help engineers build smaller, smarter machines capable of operating reliably under constant motion.


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