LIGHTING & LIGHTING CONTROLS
How microwave sensors could be the answer to more efficient lighting control
As we strive to make buildings more efficient to operate, one piece of technology that delivers time and time again is microwave sensing. A core element of modern lighting installations; sensors can transform the way homes, businesses and public buildings are illuminated. In this article Chris Anderson, technical manager at Ansell Lighting, explains more about this dynamic technology, its numerous advantages and practical applications
M
otion responsive, microwave sensors are an advanced technology
used in modern lighting systems to enhance energy efficiency and provide effortless control.
Using a principle known as the ‘Doppler Effect’ to detect movement, microwave sensors emit continuous low-level microwave signals across a designated space or ‘detection area’. These signals reflect off objects and return to the sensor, which constantly analyses the reflections for any changes in the signal pattern caused by movement. When changes are detected, the sensor activates the lighting system, providing illumination as needed. Incredibly useful in buildings of all types and applications, microwave sensors can be incorporated into both internal and external lighting systems. By using microwave signals to detect motion, they have revolutionised the way lighting can be operated and managed, ensuring illumination is provided only when needed, adapting dynamically to the presence of people and activities within a space. This has many advantages. The first is reduced energy use. By ensuring lights are only on when areas are in use, microwave sensors can reduce energy consumption across building portfolios, helping organisations in turn to cut carbon and achieve sustainability targets. Lower energy use should also translate to lower energy bills, resulting in significant cost savings over time. Additionally, because lighting systems are used more efficiently, there is less wear and tear on the infrastructure, leading to reduced maintenance costs and longer lifespans for the lighting fixtures. This further supports environmental goals and provides financial benefits, making it an attractive solution for modern building management.
24 BUILDING SERVICES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER AUGUST 2024 Another benefit of using
microwave sensors is their high sensitivity and ability to detect movement through obstacles like walls and glass. This makes them much more effective than traditional infrared sensors in environments such as offices with partitioned spaces, warehouses with stacked goods or retail stores with glass displays. The detection range of
microwave sensors is also broad, making them the ideal option for large spaces where extensive coverage is essential. Large car parks, open plan offices, meeting rooms and warehouses, would all benefit from such technology, enhancing the levels of illumination provided. The adoption of more flexible and hybrid working practices, has seen the popularity of microwave sensors soar. Such working patterns have led to many workspaces being under-utilised, presenting an added challenge for facilities managers seeking to optimise energy use. Installing microwave sensors has supported organisations to overcome these challenges. Fixed in less frequently used areas like stairwells,
restrooms, and storage rooms, where lighting is not continuously required, they ensure that lights are only on when needed. Meanwhile, in more populated spaces such as offices and conference rooms, they adapt dynamically to occupancy, providing efficient and responsive illumination. Microwave sensors are also
a great criminal deterrent and can be easily integrated into security systems. Illuminating when unauthorised movement is detected in restricted areas, they enhance safety measures and provide proactive security monitoring, bolstering overall protection and peace of mind. When it comes to the installation and configuration of microwave sensors there are a number of considerations that should be taken into account. Placement, sensitivity and integration must all be well thought out as they can have a real impact on the effectiveness of the technology. Microwave sensors should be installed at a height where they can effectively cover the desired detection area. Metals, air currents and soundwaves can all cause
false triggers so placement near ceiling fans, heating vents, direct sunlight and heavy machinery should be avoided. Microwave sensors should never be installed in metal casings or in close proximity to metal products. Many microwave sensors will also have sensitivity settings which should be fine-tuned based on the environment and application requirements. Higher sensitivity allows microwave sensors to detect even minor movements, ensuring that lights are activated promptly when needed. This is ideal for larger spaces or in more populated environments where subtle movements might occur. Sensitivity also affects the detection range of the sensor. A more sensitive sensor can cover a larger area, making it suitable for expansive spaces like warehouses, large car parks, or open-plan offices. This broad coverage ensures comprehensive monitoring and reduces the number of sensors needed to cover a large area.
It is worth noting though that whilst high sensitivity can improve detection, it can also increase the likelihood of false alarms if not properly calibrated. For instance, overly sensitive sensors might react to minor, non-human movements, like curtains fluttering or HVAC systems operating. Therefore, finding the right balance in sensitivity is crucial to minimise false triggers and ensure reliable operation. Integration is also a crucial consideration to maximise the effectiveness of microwave sensors. Ensuring that the microwave sensor is compatible with the existing lighting system and other automation technologies will ensure seamless operation. Hugely versatile, microwave sensors are a suitable solution for building managers seeking to optimise energy use and operational expenditure. A popular, go-to solution, their use is shaping the design of modern lighting systems, delivering improved functionality and more dynamic control.
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