• • • TEST & MEASUREMENT • • •
Testing AVP The AVP test setup mirrors the system architecture, with special focus on the communication path between the AVP System and the OEM application, enabling end-to-end testing.
The test setup can be used for:
• Interoperability tests of early implementation of both end-points;
• Development and integration testing of the User and vehicle system, or the AVP system; and • Understanding the different ways of setting up a parking facility. For example, by observing the link QoS resulting from different 5G network deployment strategies, or by evaluating the effect of the sensor density and quality on the remote driving performance.
Test Setup
The test setup offers a scalable test environment that can expand to cover the volume of testing required for AVP evaluation. The test setup components are shown in Figure 3: • PC based simulated environment: it simulates both the parking facility and the vehicle as digital twins. It generates the sensor signals, that can be fed into the AVP system for processing and reflects any status changing feedback from the AVP system or the vehicle. It controls both the 5G Network Simulator and the Network Impairment Simulator, providing a unified interface for scenario automation. • 5G Network simulator: enables testing under different PHY/MAC/RLC layer configurations, mobility scenarios, including corner cases and unusual scenarios.
• Network impairment simulator represents the transport network between the parking facility and AVP system, if they are not co-located. It can simulate negative effects, like packet losses, jitter and latency.
Figure 3 – AVP test setup
AVP System, and User and OEM Apps
These are the endpoints, that are either under test, or serve as the communication partner for the system that is being tested: • The AVP system handles the user app communication. It then receives the sensor data from the simulation environment and evaluates them in order to calculate the vehicle’s trajectory and generate VMC commands that will be sent to the OEM application via the 5G link.
• User application handles the discovery and reservation of the parking spot via the 5G Uu interface.
• The OEM application receives the VMC commands and translates these into steering instructions. It can then send feedback into the simulated environment via Restbus.
Test Solution: MT8000A The Anritsu MT8000A is a 5G NR system simulator, supporting Radio frequency, Protocol and Functional testing. It supports frequencies from under 6GHz to 43GHz (millimetre wave), with broadband signal processing and beamforming technology.
Throughput, latency, or retransmissions can be evaluated under different PHY/MAC/RLC layer configurations. Its software defined architecture means it can be expanded to accommodate future technologies. It can be automated easily, enabling smooth integration with other components.
Conclusion AVP type 2 is a use case, where the vehicle is automatically parked using remote control in a specially furnished parking facility. The deployment in such a controlled environment reduces many risk factors and lowers the barriers for successful mass adoption.
Before this can however happen, extensive end-
to-end testing is still necessary. The presented test setup contains all the necessary components, including a 5G network simulator, that enable realistic testing of all sub-systems.
References
1. 5G Automotive Association, “A visionary roadmap for advanced driving use cases, connectivity technologies, and radio spectrum needs,” 5G Automotive Association, Munich, 2022.
2. NTT DATA, “Automated Valet Parking (AVP),” NTT DATA, 2022.
3. 5G Automotive Association, “Automated Valet Parking Technology Assessment and Use Case Implementation Description,” 5G Automotive Association, Munich, 2022.
4. ISO Technical Commitee 204 Intelligent transport systems, “ISO/FDIS 23374-1 Intelligent transport systems — Automated valet parking systems (AVPS) — Part 1: System framework, requirements for automated driving and for communications interface,” ISO, 2023.
32 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING • JULY/AUGUST 2023
electricalengineeringmagazine.co.uk
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