AND FINALLY Advertisement Feature


The role of a clinical dental technician working alongside the dental practice has never been more important and that is reflected by the fact that in 2007 the profession has enjoyed registration with the General Dental Council. This is a reflection of the way in which people are living longer and enjoying a vastly improved lifestyle and so are increasingly focussed on all aspects of their health and appearance and'well being.


Doug Heaysman Dip CDT RCS(Eng) MCDR RDT. DD. has over . 30 years experience as a dentai technician, having qualified in London in 1970 following 4 years study at Norwood College. He has considerable experience of both prosthetic and ceramic laboratory work, having worked both in busy commercial and private laboratories. He has had his own laboratory in Lancashire for the past 30 years.


During the time he has undertaken further studies gaining the diploma in denturism from George Brown College Toronto 2003.


He moved to the new purpose built designed premises in Albert Road, Colne, Lancashire in 2006 from where he offers a full dental laboratory service together with providing a denture service direct to the public.


Clinical Dental Technicians are not dentists but are skilled practitioner who work parallel with local dental practices to deliver a specialised service to patients including manufacturing and fitting of dentures. Equipped with solid technical training and in sciences, repair and modify removable appliances to ensure optimum fit, maximum comfort and general well being of patients. There are well over 100 Clinical Dental Technicians in the UK and since April 2007 they have been able to register with the General Dental Council.


Why use a Clinical Dental Technician?


The difference between a clinical dental technician and a dental technician is that a dental technicians is not legally qualified to provide dentures directly to the public and they may not have the appropriate safeguards in place. Clinical Dental Technicians are fully covered by indemnity insurance.


Clinical Dental Technicians have to undergo extensive training before they earn the right to work directly with the public. The training covers a wide range of skills which have traditionally been carried out by dentists.


Clinical Dental Technicians will often know more about the


latest in denture technology than dentists themselves. The will complete your dentures from beginning to the final fit, including after care.


considering the additional, associated evidence of spirits like ghosts, boggarts and brownies, it seems surprising that there are so few signs of witchcraft in the Ribble Valley. Perhaps Peg O' Nell’s mistress


H


at Waddow Hall was fortunate to escape investigation when she said: "I wish you may fall and break your neck," just before the servant went out onto the icy path to collect water and ■


- well,


fell and broke her neck! The tragedy of Peg was so


• Free consultation for new dentures or denture related problems


• Clinical Dental technician with 30 years experience


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71 Albert Road, Colne BB8 OBP 57 Pickup St, Clayton-le-Moors BBS 5NS


widely accepted that every minor accident nearby was blamed on her and the custom of drowning an animal or bird in the Ribble at Brungerley on "Peg’s night" every seven years, to prevent her from finding a human victim, was very slow to die out. However, it is unlikely that Peg


ever even existed. The story is probably apocryphal, though common to many cultures, and other such local tales of witch­ craft are equally dubious. For example the "witch of Grindle- ton" was found dead the very day that a local weaver grew irritated by a strange cat in his shed and hanged it with rope from the end of his loom. So if witchcraft was based on


petty curses and shape changing', with the witch’s spirit spread­ ing mischief in her animal form, then how was it that Lancashire became the 17th Century focus of the persecution of witches, when ’ other areas like Scotland and the southern counties conducted far more extensive witch hunts? Indeed, the judges’ report of the Pendle trial of 1612 was even pub­ lished as the magistrates’ official guide to witch-hunting! Certainly, literature has played


a major part. Most recent is probably Robert Neill’s "Mist Over Pendle", but this is now 60 .


aving looked last month at local legends about fairies, and


years old and a century earlier it was William Harrison Ainsworth’s "The Lancashire Witches". Curiously this was one of at least three major works sharing the same title, including plays by 17th Century London playwrights, Thomas Heywood and Thomas Shadwell, who were naturally more interested in dramatic ef­ fect than factual accuracy! When we add the involvement


of novelists Thackeray and Scott, regular sensationalised ver­ sions in the "penny dreadfuls", obsessed with the supernatural, and even a pantomime version of the witches’ trials, it is clear that the Pendle witches have rarely been far from the public eye. Perhaps it was lawyer Thomas


Potts’s pamphlet, "The Wonder- full Discoverie of Witches in the Countie of Lancaster", written immediately after the 1612 trials, which made the "wonderfull" or shocking details more available, about not only the trial of "nine- teene notorious witches" but also the execution of Jennet Preston, who had already been found guilty of murder by witchcraft in


York. Or was there a more sinister


political element? As we currently enjoy all the


natural, social and economic benefits of what was, in 1612, the Forest of Pendle, it is difficult to imagine how Rachel Hasted’s modern study of the witch trials could describe it as a lawless area. "Itwas an area fabled for theft, violence and sexual laxity, where the church was honoured without much understanding of its doctrines by the common


people." However, they were vastly


different times. Lancashire Catholics were already prov­ ing a major embarrassment to the Government of the day,


highlighted perhaps by the fact that the Gunpowder plotters were captured on their way to the county, reputedly to organise a


rebellion against King James. Still smarting from the dis- '


solution of the Cistercian abbeys in Sawley and Whalley in 1537, when the poor lost the financial and medical support which they provided, locals were unwilling to forsake their old religion. Whilst the church could be


controlled by such extreme measures as the execution of Whalley’s Abbot Paskew follow­ ing the revolutionary Pilgrimage of Grace, then later of priests John and Robert Nutter, who were hanged, drawn and quar­ tered at Tyburn, many ordinary people were unmoved. Unfortunately, many of their


practices were officially consid­ ered closer to magic than religion so, unsurprisingly, belief in the existence of charms and witch-


• craft grew. Amid such extreme poverty and isolation, this was emphasised by the widespread practice of begging, for many the sole means of survival. All it needed was for one rich


man to finally refuse to contrib­ ute to a plea for alms, coinciden­ tally followed by misfortune or sickness in either his family or just his livestock, and the belief in curses and devil worship was reinforced. Indeed, as trial observer, Thomas Potts, wrote about the wild accusations and crimes with which the "witches" were charged: "She was at my house of late, she would have had a pot of milk, she departed in a chafe because she had it not, she railed, she cursed, she mumbled and whispered, and finally she said she would be even with me: and soon after my child, my cow, my sow, or my pullet died or was strangely taken." This may seem the flimsiest of


evidence on which to base such extensive court'proceedings


attracting national notoriety.


However, central to it all was Read Hall, the home of the


Nowell family. During the reign of Queen


ng and q r Fun crossword


Whalley Abbey - the ruins of the ‘old religion', (s)


■ THIS crossword is just for fun - no prizes are given. The solution will be in next month’s issue of The Valley.


ACROSS I. Not a dry subject but dictators shy from


it (12) 7. It’s consumed in tea-tents (5). 8. Form heaps perhaps (5) 9. Politician holding a chart (3) 10. Eternal pursuit of the happy ending


Elizabeth, the Nowells made significant gains from their loyalty to the Protestant cause, with Lawrence being appointed Dean of Lichfield and Alexander appointed Dean of St Paul’s. Younger brother, Robert, also became a prominent lawyer, mov­ ing in the highest political circles, so clearly fortunes were won and lost on the choice of religious affiliations. Their great nephew, Robert,


would be only too aware of this - when, as a respected, 60-year- old magistrate, a chance arose to show his support for King James by exposing his enemies in Lancashire. As the king had a particular interest in witchcraft, the accusations against some of the most deprived and defence­ less inhabitants of the Forest of Pendle provided an ideal op­ portunity. It was also a low risk strategy


because it did not involve a major challenge to the Catholic Church but simply played on the "com­ mon opinion" that witchcraft had been widely practised in the area for many years. And so the whole area from


Gisburn to Samlesbury was enveloped in a battle for power, both religious and political, which left an indelible mark on the history of Lancashire. By arrang­ ing a series of high profile trials played to packed court rooms, more dramatic and sensational than the plays later designed around them, Roger Nowell not only secured his own place in history but also proved his loyalty to the state and church by prov- ' ing to the unconverted, both in Lancashire and the whole of the United Kingdom, that there was no place for the more traditional beliefs that threatened the new regime. As Thomas Potts observed at


the time, "My greatest adversar­ ies are young ignorance and old custom."


(4,5) II. Timely tool (6) 12. Not French apparently, but it could be!


(6) (9)


15. Doesn’t forget about people in society


17. Fast runner down mountains (3) 18. More secure from strange fears (5) 19. Being of relative importance (5) 21. Train-bearers! (7-5)


DOWN 1. Possibly she dreams it’s an important


job (12) 2. It’s frequently curtailed (3) 3. A four-foot cycle (6) 4. They will! (9) 5. Trade vessel (5) 6. BeamingTlhey’re a help to travellers in


the main (12) 7. Having no occupation (5) 10. Possibly ajTiple here, but it doesn’t last


long (9) 13. Offspring produced periodically (5) 14. Unable to produce a group of stars (6) 16. Italian society who break the rules (5) 20. Pass, little coronel! (3)


SOLUTION TO APRIL CROSSWORD Across: 6 Curious: 7 Baron: 9 Bears: 10


Brakingtl2 Greater part: 14 Keep in touch: 18 Charmed: 19 Peter: 21 Angle: 22 Conifer. Down: 1 Tunes: 2 Mirror: 3 Out: 4 Back up: 5


Country: 8 Freedom: 11 Painter: 13 Methane: 15 Partly: 16 Credit: 17 Meter: 20 For.


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