Continued from page 22
The increasing pressure from different governments to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2
led to the introduction of new low viscosity oils in the C-categories in 2016 sequences, to help in achieving the tough government targets for CO2 fuel consumption and CO2
emissions, automotive
companies have made significant efforts to increase power output and engine efficiency while reducing the total weight of the engines. This resulted in increased power density ratios of the new technology engines and subjected the lubricants to more hostile environments where these thinner oils had to withstand higher loads and temperatures with more pollutants circulating in the oil. These conditions accelerated oil degradation and sludge formation and required additional performance tests to be developed to enable benchmarking of the lubricants and to ensure that the lubricants can protect the engines without degrading. Therefore, new tests were developed to address these problems and new oil categories with exceptionally high level of performance were included in the latest ACEA 2021 LD sequences (A7/B7 & C6).
. Also, to lower ), as seen in fig. (C), has also
Mid SAPS. These two categories have significantly higher performance compared to other LD categories as they require all the new tests, except for JASO fuel economy test which is only required for C6 and not for A7/B7. Two of the legacy categories; namely A3/B3 and C1 were deleted from ACEA 2021 LD oil sequences as they were deemed to be redundant. Table (A) below shows the different LD categories included in ACEA 2021 LD oil sequences.
Table A: Categories of ACEA 2021 LD Oil Sequences
In ACEA 2021 LD oil sequences several new tests were introduced, however, some of these tests were replacement or upgraded versions of existing tests. Table (B) shown below specify which tests are applicable to each ACEA LD category. In summary, tests acceptance by ACEA were based on the following:
Figure C: Global CO2
Source: theicct - EU_manufacturers_performance_CO2_20180712.pdf Regulations for New Passenger Cars
Latest predictions by International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) suggest that the CO2
emissions has driven the
New Tests: New tests such as Toyota Turbocharger Deposit Test (diesel), Ford Chain Wear Test (API Seq X) and Ford LSPI Test (API Seq IX) are all required only for new categories A7/B7 and C6. JASO Fuel Economy Test is required only for C6 as this category targets fuel economy for new models. All other categories in ACEA 2021 LD sequences can claim fuel economy performance based on Daimler’s M111 FE test.
emission
targets could even go down to 0% by 2030. Although this might sound like a long shot, the ever tightening limits for CO2
automotive industry towards more electrification where ICE (Internal Combustion Engines) is displaced gradually with battery operated vehciles. In the road for full electrification, automotive manfacturers have adopted different hybrid technologies where both ICE and battery opertions are alternating in powering the vehicle.
ACEA 2021 Light Duty Oil Sequences ACEA 2021 LD sequences have two new categories introduced, namely A7/B7 for high SAPS and C6 for
24 LUBE MAGAZINE NO.165 OCTOBER 2021
Replacement Tests: Both Daimler Black Sludge Test (M271 EVO) and Low Temperature Sludge Test (API Seq VH) are required for ACEA 2021 LD sequences, however, results of the older version tests are also acceptable, but only for legacy categories and not acceptable for A7/B7 & C6. VW TDI3 replaced VW TDI2 for piston cleanliness, however, ACEA have accepted passing results with TDI2 for all LD categories.
Missing Test: ACEA LD sequences launched in 2016 had a gap in valve train wear protection for gasoline engines. 2021 sequences included (API Seq IVB) which is required for all categories, however, for legacy categories only, ACEA accepted passing results of API Seq IVA.
Continued on page 26
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65
