MICROBIOLOGY


18 Griffin G. Review of the major outbreak of E. coli O157 in Surrey, 2009. (UK Government, 2010) https://www.gov.uk/ government/publications/escherichia-coli- e-coli-o157-report-and-recommendations- from-2009-godstone-incident


19 Gobin M, Hawker J, Cleary P, et al. National outbreak of Shiga toxin- producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 linked to mixed salad leaves, United Kingdom, 2016. Euro Surveill. 2018;23(18):17-00197. doi:10.2807/1560- 7917.ES.2018.23.18.17-00197


Fig 2. Pro-Lab Prolex Non-O157 STEC assay.


References 1 Hunt JM. Shiga toxin-producing


Escherichia coli (STEC). Clin Lab Med. 2010;30(1):21-45. doi:10.1016/j. cll.2009.11.001


2 Friedmann HC. Escherich and Escherichia. EcoSal Plus. 2014;6(1): 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0025-2013.


3 Gomes TA, Elias WP, Scaletsky IC, et al. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Braz J Microbiol. 2016;47 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):3-30. doi:10.1016/j.bjm.2016.10.015


4 Trofa AF, Ueno-Olsen H, Oiwa R, Yoshikawa M. Dr. Kiyoshi Shiga: discoverer of the dysentery bacillus. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29(5):1303-1306. doi:10.1086/313437


5 Bergan J, Dyve Lingelem AB, Simm R, Skotland T, Sandvig K. Shiga toxins. Toxicon. 2012;60(6):1085-1107. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.07.016


6 Riley LW, Remis RS, Helgerson SD, et al. Hemorrhagic colitis associated with a rare Escherichia coli serotype. N Engl J Med. 1983;308(12):681-685. doi:10.1056/ NEJM198303243081203


7 Perna NT, Plunkett G 3rd, Burland V, et al. Genome sequence of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 [published correction appears in Nature 2001 Mar 8;410(6825):240]. Nature. 2001;409(6819):529-533. doi:10.1038/35054089


8 Alharbi MG, Al-Hindi RR, Esmael A, et al. The “Big Six”: Hidden Emerging Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2022;7(11):356. doi:10.3390/tropicalmed7110356


9 D’Alessio L, Pinto A, Cangelosi A, et al. Sub-Lethal Dose of Shiga Toxin 2 from Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Affects Balance and Cerebellar Cytoarchitecture. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:133. doi:10.3389/ fmicb.2016.00133


10 Brown PI, Ojiakor A, Chemello AJ, Fowler CC. The diverse landscape of AB5-type toxins. Eng Microbiol. 2023;3(4):100104. doi:10.1016/j. engmic.2023.100104


11 O’Brien AD, Holmes RK. Shiga and Shiga-like toxins. Microbiol Rev. 1987;51(2):206–20.


12 Melton-Celsa AR. Shiga Toxin (Stx) Classification, Structure, and Function. Microbiol Spectr. 2014;2(4):10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC- 0024-2013. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec. EHEC-0024-2013


13 Franzin FM, Sircili MP. Locus of enterocyte effacement: a pathogenicity island involved in the virulence of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli subjected to a complex network of gene regulation. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:534738. doi:10.1155/2015/534738


14 Farfan MJ, Torres AG. Molecular mechanisms that mediate colonization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains. Infect Immun. 2012;80(3):903-913. doi:10.1128/ IAI.05907-11


15 Buelli S, Zoja C, Remuzzi G, Morigi M. Complement Activation Contributes to the Pathophysiology of Shiga Toxin-Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Microorganisms. 2019;7(1):15. doi:10.3390/ microorganisms7010015


16 Karch H, Bielaszewska M, Bitzan M, Schmidt H. Epidemiology and diagnosis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1999;34(3):229-243. doi:10.1016/s0732- 8893(99)00031-0


17 Pennington H. The Public Inquiry into the September 2005 Outbreak of E.coli O157 in South Wales. (HMSO, 2009) https://mrsaactionuk.net/pdfs/reportecoli. pdf


WWW.PATHOLOGYINPRACTICE.COM APRIL 2025


20 Cunningham N, Jenkins C, Williams S, et al. An outbreak of Shiga toxin- producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 associated with contaminated lettuce and the cascading risks from climate change, the United Kingdom, August to September 2022. Euro Surveill. 2024;29(36):2400161. doi:10.2807/1560-7917. ES.2024.29.36.2400161


21 UKHSA. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli: public health management. (Gov.uk, 2018) https:// www.gov.uk/government/publications/ shiga-toxin-producing-escherichia-coli- public-health-management


22 King G, Jenkins C, Hayden I, et al. Epidemiology of Shiga toxin- producing Escherichia coli other than serotype O157:H7 in England, 2016-2023. J Med Microbiol. 2025;74(1):001947. doi:10.1099/ jmm.0.001947


23 Frank C, Werber D, Cramer JP, et al. Epidemic profile of Shiga-toxin- producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak in Germany. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(19):1771-1780. doi:10.1056/ NEJMoa1106483


24 EO Labs. Colorex STEC. (EO Labs, 2024) www.eolabs.com/product/colorex-stec/


25 Pro-Lab Diagnostics. Prolex E. coli non- 0157 Kit. (Pro-Lab Diagnostics, 2024) www.pro-lab.co.uk/product/prolextm- escherichia-coli-non-0157-kit/


Dr Neil Bentley OBE is an experienced biomedical scientist with over 40 years of science, management, and leadership


experience within the field of pathology and public health. In a 25-year career


with Public Health England (PHE) he was most recently Deputy Director Pathogen Genomics-COVID Programme until October 2022, previously he was Head of Specialist Microbiology Technical Services at PHE’s National Infection Service. He is currently Scientific Officer at Pro-Lab Diagnostics.


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