Antimicrobial resistance
infection management - this outcome aims to reduce exposure to antimicrobials through a whole-systems approach to infection prevention and control (IPC), improved diagnostics and treatment in different settings (humans, animals, agriculture and the environment).
2. Public engagement and education - this aims to empower and engage the public on the risk of exposure to antimicrobials.
3. Strengthened surveillance - this aims to improve understanding of AMR through capability to measure, predict and understand how resistant microorganisms spread across and between humans, animals, agriculture and the environment.
Theme 2 - Optimising the use of antimicrobials This theme has two outcomes: 4. Antimicrobial stewardship and disposal - this aims to improve the use of antimicrobials to preserve future effectiveness.
5. AMR workforce - this aims to raise awareness with the workforce in human health, animal health and agriculture to improve the optimal use of antimicrobials.
Theme 3 - Investing in innovation, supply and access This theme has three outcomes: 6. Innovation and influence - this calls on the life sciences sector to prioritise the development of new approaches to diagnose and treat infections, the development of vaccines to prevent infections as well as the development new antimicrobials.
7. Using information for action - this aims to enable decisions to be based on robust surveillance, scientific research and data sets to provide the best information for decision making. This section also sets out the top research priorities from policy makers.
8. Health disparities and health inequalities - this aims to improve the information available to identify where the burden of AMR is greatest. This will help to target future interventions where they will have the greatest impact.
Theme 4 - Being a good global partner This theme has the last outcome: 9. AMR diplomacy - confronting AMR is a worldwide problem that requires global action. This outcome aims to fulfil the ambition to have sustained engagement via G7, G20 and other multilateral groups, technical networks, and bilateral relationships that will contribute to worldwide action on AMR.
The themes and outcomes of this plan will move the UK closer to achieving the vision to contain and control AMR by 2040. In taking a One Health approach across people, animals, food and the environment, this NAP aims to preserve the effectiveness of antimicrobials for future generations. The evidence gathered over the next five years, including through research, will help strengthen understanding of AMR as a fundamentally important issue and what works to address it.
Global response Global leaders have approved a political declaration6
used for human health globally should belong to the WHO Access group antibiotics9
at the 79th United Nations General
Assembly (UNGA) High-Level Meeting on AMR,7 committing to a clear set of targets and actions, including reducing the estimated 4.95 million human deaths associated with bacterial AMR annually by 10% by 2030. The declaration also calls for sustainable national financing and US$100 million in catalytic funding, to help achieve a target of at least 60% of countries having funded national action plans on AMR by 2030. This goal is to be reached through, for example, diversifying funding sources and securing more contributors to the Antimicrobial Resistance Multi-Partner Trust Fund.8 The Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations (FAO), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), known as the Quadripartite, welcomed the declaration. Global champions involved with the meeting included Prime Minister Mia Mottley of Barbados, AMR survivors, civil society and stakeholder organisations from around the world.
Action to reach targets by 2030 On human health, the declaration sets a more ambitious target that at least 70% of antibiotics
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minimal side effects and lower potential to cause AMR. It also includes targets around IPC, such as 100% of countries having basic water, sanitation, hygiene and waste management services in all healthcare facilities and 90% of countries meeting all WHO’s minimum requirements for IPC programmes by 2030. There are also commitments on investments to facilitate equitable access to and appropriate use of antimicrobials, as well as on reporting surveillance data on antimicrobial use and AMR across sectors. On agriculture and animal health, the declaration has commitments to, by 2030, meaningfully reduce the quantity of antimicrobials used globally in the agri-food systems by prioritising and funding the implementation of measures to prevent and control infections and ensuring prudent, responsible and evidence-based use of antimicrobials in animal health. This is to be achieved in the context of the WOAH list of priority diseases and FAO’s RENOFARM initiative,10
preventive strategies, including animal vaccination strategies, good husbandry practices, biosecurity, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). On the environment, the declaration underscores the need to prevent and address the discharge of antimicrobials into the environment. It also calls for increased research and knowledge on the environmental dimensions of AMR and for catalysing actions to address key sources of antimicrobial pollution. Acknowledging that AMR is a complex
problem, the declaration recognises the need for a multisectoral response combining human, agricultural, animal, and environmental sector- specific interventions. “The intersectoral challenge of AMR demands systems approach that unites
a One Health11 human, animal, plant, and environmental health,
with relatively
as well as
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