control (HC groups), a total of 75 genes were detected to be differentially expressed, 27 genes had higher relative expres- sion level in the CK group than in the HC group and another 48 genes significantly decreased in the CK group. However, only four genes, syntaxin 1A (STX1A), striated muscle en- riched protein kinase (SPEG), ENSBTAG00000053952 and ENSBTAG00000051641 were differentially expressed when compared to ketotic cows at prepartum (PCK) and controls at prepartum (PHC) groups. Among these four DEGs, syntaxin 1A (STX1A) was simultaneously significantly more highly expressed in sick cows at both prepartum and postpartum.
The biomarker gene These researchers derived (from several studies) that syntaxin 1A (STX1A) as a presynaptic protein in humans is widely ex- pressed in brain, endocrine system, heart and other organs. In addition, STX1A has been associated with myocardial is- chaemia-reperfusion by regulating KATP and calcium chan- nels signalling pathways. Moreover, STX1A mediates isoflu- rane-induced alleviation of hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in
rat cardiomyocytes. The expression level of STX1A is also asso- ciated with stimulation such as stress, ischaemia and hypoxia/ reoxygenation in cardio disease. These findings suggest a po- tential role of STX1A in environmental stress and ion homeo- stasis, which plays an important role in the ketosis process. It may be considered as useful as screening, diagnostic and predictive biomarkers of ketotic cows. Overall, the researchers proposed that the expression level of STX1A could potentially be used as a new ketosis biomarker since it was the only gene that was highly expressed in sick cows at both prepartum and postpartum. These results could significantly contribute to understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms for incidence and progression of ketosis in dairy cows.
This article is based on the original article by Zhou-Lin Wu, Shi-Yi Chen, Chao Qin, Xianbo Jia, Feilong Deng, Jie Wang and Song- Jia Lai. 2020. Clinical Ketosis-Associated Alteration of Gene Expression in Holstein Cows. Genes, 2020, 11, 219; doi:10.3390/ genes11020219.
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