Prof Jedziniak adds that although there are no requirements at this point to measure levels of these modified mycotoxins in feed, the European Food Scientific Agency has recently rec- ommended they be monitored. Prof Jedziniak says these modified versions “are more and more detected in feed ana- lysed for mycotoxins”. That fact is not accounted for when pig toxin exposure is esti- mated using the traditional framework of feed intake effects and traditional feed analysis. Prof Jedziniak and Dr Tkaczyk also note that toxins in feed can have a “highly inhomoge- neous distribution”, leading to irrelevant traditional feed analysis results. “Another problem is the fact that feed analysis and feed in- take measurement do not provide data about the individual exposure because of ‘synergies’ among animals – differences in food consumption and absorption, metabolism and excre- tion processes,” Prof Jedziniak explains. “Due to all these difficulties, the exposure assessment of ani- mals might include a much broader analysis of toxin contami- nation in the feed along with an analysis of the amount of ‘bio markers’ in blood plasma to evaluate individual toxin exposure.”
Biomarker analysis While biomarker analysis is expensive because it involves mass spectrometry, Prof Jedziniak says that in using it, the pig industry can gain many benefits in terms of mitigating DON. Those benefits range from much more accurate insight into the effects of recent, past and cumulative mycotoxin ex- posure to much more effective testing of various detoxifiers. Looking forward, Prof Jedziniak says, “It’s impossible to pro- duce corn without DON and other toxins, and there is no one solution that can be applied. “We have to progress with breeding Fusarium-resistant corn, maybe pig breeding too, developing crop fungicides and re- searching various detoxifiers. New methods such as bio- marker measurement can provide a great deal more insight compared to traditional tools. “We need to continue to research secondary Fusarium toxins and biological detoxifiers such as probiotics like Lactobacil- lus. They are destroyed during the high-temperature feed pellet manufacturing process, but perhaps they can be add- ed to the diet in the water. It’s a very promising area to ex- plore, but only some probiotics are currently available for animal use.”
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