Figure 1 - Effects of dietary bile acids on the antioxidant system (top row) and immune parameters (bottom row) of L. vannamei.
9 c b 6 a 3 3 0 0 140 0 a 9 6 bc 15 b 12 a a 420 280 b b 560 b a a 700 b b
10 8
4 6
2 0
a a a
a
a
50 40
a
20 30
10 0
0.60 b ab b ab 0.45 a 0.30 0.15 0.00 a b b b
Adopted from SU et al (2021). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Data with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.5) among groups.
Professor Pan Luqing and other researchers from Ocean University of China studied the effect of adding different doses of bile acids (0.1% (BA1), 02% (BA2), 0.3% (BA3) and 0.5% (BA4)) to the feed on the growth of Penaeus vannamei (Table 1). The results showed that after adding 0.02% of bile acids to the feed, the final body weight, weight gain rate and specific weight gain rate were improved by 8.53%, 9.76%, 4.04%, respectively and FCR was reduced by 7.91% compared to the control group, which proved the effect of bile acids on the growth of Penaeus vannamei. They also found that by adding 0.02%-0.05% (BA1 – BA4) of bile acids in the feed of Penaeus vannamei, the activity of T-AOC, SOD, GSH in serum, cytophagic activity, antibacterial activity and other indicators increased significantly, indicating that bile acids significantly increased the shrimp’s anti-stress ability and immunity, which also proved that bile acids improve the health of hepatopancreas (Figure 1). Dr Luo Yuan studied the effect of bile acids on the growth performance of Pe- naeus vannamei fed with feed, in which part of the fish meal was replaced with soybean meal and supplemental choles- terol. It was found that feeding the low fish meal and high soybean meal group with the addition of 0.03% bile acids and 0.15% cholesterol led to faster growth performance and greater feed efficiency compared to the group fed with the addition of 0.3% cholesterol only. This experiment proved that bile acids improve the utilisation rate of cholesterol in feed, save the amount of cholesterol needed and reduce feed costs.
Conclusion In conclusion, bile acids can not only improve the utilisation of feed cholesterol, save costs, and promote the growth of shrimps; they also help to inhibit the growth of harmful bac- teria, target toxins, improve anti-stress ability and immunity, and effectively protect the health of hepatopancreas of shrimps. These positive effects on performance and health have made bile acids a necessary functional feed additive for shrimp diets.
Table 1 – Effects of dietary bile acids on the growth performance of L. vannamei after 60 days of feeding.
Index SR (%) Initial
weight (g) Final
weight(g) WG (%)
SGR (%/d) FCR
Treatment Control
95.56 ± 2.55 1.09 ± 0.04
8.67 ± 0.21a
697.55 ± 19.16a
3.46 ± 0.04a 1.77 ± 0.11a
BA1
93.33 ± 1.67 1.09 ± 0.04
8.92 ± 0.30ab
720.86 ± 27.79ab
3.51 ± 0.06ab 1.79 ± 0.12a
BA2
90.56 ± 6.94 1.09 ± 0.04
9.41 ± 0.51b
765.64 ± 46.61b
3.60 ± 0.09b 1.63 ± 0.06b
BA3 BA4
89.44 ± 0.96 92.78 ± 4.19 1.09 ± 0.04 1.09 ± 0.04
9.33 ± 0.36b 9.29 ± 0.24ab
758.9 ± 33.24b
754.91 ± 21.70ab
3.58 ± 0.06b 3.58 ± 0.04b 1.60 ± 0.08b 1.69 ± 0.10ab
Adopted from SU et al (2021). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Data with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.5) among groups.
▶ ALL ABOUT FEED | Volume 29, No. 9, 2021 31
Total hemocyte count (x106 cells/mL)
T-AOC(U/mL)
Control BA1 BA2 BA3 BA4
Phagocytic activity (%)
Control BA1 BA2 BA3 BA4
SOD activity (U/mg/protein/min)
Control BA1 BA2 BA3 BA4
Control BA1 BA2 BA3 BA4
Antibacterial activity (units) GSH (nm/mg protein)
Control BA1 BA2 BA3 BA4
Control BA1 BA2 BA3 BA4
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