PARTNER FEATURE ▶▶▶
The future of animal nutrition includes clean feed
Clean feed is defined as high-quality ingredients that enhance not only nutrient composition and digestibility, but also long-term health and performance. By focusing on quality, the need for excessive and expensive additives is reduced.
BY HAMLET PROTEIN
By focusing on clean diets the need for exces- sive and expen- sive additives such as antibiot- ic growth pro- moters will be reduced.
C
lean feed is a major factor that influences the devel- opment of a healthy gut in young animals. Low-quality feed ingredients promote inflammation through pro-inflammatory cytokines and the prolif-
eration of pathogenic bacteria, leading to nutritional disor- ders which negatively impact growth. Many feed ingredients contain anti-nutritional factors (ANF) such as non-starch poly- saccharides, beta-conglycinin, high aromatic amino acids, ox- idized lipids, and gluten prolamins, all of which promote gut inflammation. In response to gut inflammation, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines increases, followed by an oxida- tive stress response which leads to increased apoptosis and
further upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. If the re- sponse to inflammatory compounds in feed ingredients con- tinues, the vicious circle will also continue, leading to chronic inflammation, and a lower return on investment (ROI). The gut microbiome is heavily influenced by the composition of feed consumed by young animals. Feed ingredients can pro- mote the proliferation of symbiotic bacteria or pathogenic bacteria. Feed ingredients containing ANFs will shift the gut microbiome from symbiotic to pathogenic bacteria, promot- ing infectious inflammations. Shifting the microbiome to- wards pathogenic bacteria and continuing to feed ingredi- ents with ANFs can lead to bacterial fermentation, which can increase the risk of diarrhoea and nutrition-related diseases. One example of an ANF is trypsin inhibitors (TI) in soybean meal (SBM). High levels of TI are one of the greatest factors reducing the quality of SBM fed to monogastric animals, sub- sequently impacting feed digestibility and increasing gut in- flammation. When pigs were fed a diet of 38% SBM with 8.78 mg/g of TI, amino acid digestibility decreased by 13-26%, while digestibility of crude protein was reduced by 23.3%. A similar trend has been shown in broiler chickens in which high TI reduces protein digestibility, decreasing body weight gain and increasing feed conversion ratio (FCR). This is true in the case of ruminants, as well. One of the leading causes of calf death is enteric infection. Improving calf gut health miti- gates the risk of developing enteric infections while improv- ing the immune system and overall health of the animals. There is also evidence to suggest that altering the microbi- ome at a young age leads to improved milk production. Evi- dently, keeping it simple with the use of clean ingredients promotes the development of a healthy gut, leading to many additional benefits such as reduced interventions and a greater return on investment. This is important for setting young animals up for success from the start, supporting their long-term health and performance.
Clean feed enhances growing conditions Ensuring gut health through clean feed ingredients can lead to improvements in overall health, reducing the need for
26 ▶ ALL ABOUT FEED | Volume 29, No. 4, 2021
PHOTOS: HAMLET PROTEIN
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