SOY ALTERNATIVES ▶▶▶
Five most-promising soybean meal alternatives
An in-depth look at the best options for replacing soy in feed for various livestock species in terms of benefits, availability, challenges and outlook.
BY TREENA HEIN, CORRESPONDENT S
oybean meal (SBM) is an excellent protein source for many livestock species and it is currently the most common protein component in compound feed for pigs, poultry and dairy cattle. However, because the
price of SBM fluctuates and can be very high, farmers are ac- tively investigating ingredients that can serve as full or partial replacements. In addition, soybean production in some parts of the world brings with it significant sustainability concerns, as it’s associated with destruction of natural grasslands and deforestation. However, from a sustainability perspective, re- placing SBM must be analysed carefully in terms of how far alternatives are transported, the need for additional process- ing and other factors. Cost and the protein quality of alterna- tives are also important considerations. Here are the five top
alternatives for SBM in terms of protein profile, availability, sustainability and more.
1
Canola meal and other oilseed meals Oilseed meal, the substance which remains after oil extraction, offers significant potential to replace SBM in varying amounts in many types of livestock feed.
Canola meal in particular is high in protein and offers a pro- tein quality and amino acid profile close to that of SBM. Be- cause canola acreage has increased in Europe, Canada, the US and Australia, canola meal has made strong inroads into the diets of many livestock types, especially dairy cattle and pigs. It is also fed to poultry and some aquaculture species. Howev- er, canola meal is not a cost-effective or sustainable alterna- tive to SBM in many parts of the US, because a lack of nearby canola seed crushing capacity means that canola meal has to be transported over long distances. Canola breeding efforts have reduced the level of glucosinolates (which, if fed at high levels, can negatively impact animal health and performance) to almost zero. In some parts of the world, there are concerns that canola meal could be mixed with rapeseed meal but marketed solely as canola meal. While rapeseed meal can be a suitable nutritional alternative to SBM for dairy cows, for ex- ample, there is less global supply of rapeseed compared to canola and its amino acid profile is less favourable. There are also anti-nutritional factors in the meal that present added costs in terms of processing and/or enzyme supplementation. In addition to canola and rapeseed meal, meal from sunflow- er, peanut and sesame seed is being explored. Pumpkin seed cake/meal has been found to be a good substitute for SBM in the diet of dairy cows in terms of milk production perfor- mance, rumen fermentation and digestibility.
2
Field peas have high digestibility and crude protein levels and are low in fibre. 18
▶ ALL ABOUT FEED | Volume 29, No. 4, 2021
Pulses (peas and beans) There are few disadvantages for various types of pulses as a replacement for SBM except that some transportation may be required. Growing demand
for plant-based protein products for human consumption means that acreage of high-protein pulse crops such as field
PHOTO: HANS PRINSEN
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