Appendix C: NGSS standards alignment
Performance Expectations: HS-LS2-6: Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively con- sistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.
HS-LS2-7: Design, evaluate, and refine a solution for reducing the impacts of human activities on the environment and biodiversity. HS-ESS3-4: Evaluate or refine a technological solution that reduces impacts of human activities on natural systems.
Science and Engineering Practices
Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions Design, evaluate, and refine a solution to a complex real-world problem, based on scientific knowledge, student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff con- siderations. (HS-LS2-7), (HS-ESS3-4)
Engaging in Argument from Evidence Evaluate the claims, evi- dence, and reasoning behind currently accepted explanations or solutions to determine the merits of arguments. (HS-LS2-6)
Disciplinary Core Ideas
ETS 1.B: Developing Possible Solutions When evaluating solutions, it is important to take into account a range of constraints, including cost, safety, reli- ability, and aesthetics and to consider social, cultural, and environmental impacts. (secondary to HS-ESS3-4)
ESS3.C: Human Impacts on Earth Systems Scientists and engineers can make major contributions by developing technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation. (HS-ESS3-4)
LS2.C: Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively con- stant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an eco- system occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., The ecosystem is resilient.), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme fluctua- tions in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resource and habitat availability. (HS-LS2-6) Moreover, anthropogenic changes (induced by
human activity) in the environment — including habitat destruction, pollution, introduction of invasive species, overexploitation, and climate change — can disrupt an ecosystem and threaten the survival of some species. (HS-LS2-7)
LS4.D: Biodiversity and Humans Biodiversity is increased by the formation of new species (speciation) and decreased by the loss of species (extinc- tion). (secondary to HS-LS2-7)
Humans depend on the living world for the resources and other benefits provided by biodiversity, but human activ- ity is also having adverse impacts on biodiversity through overpopulation, overexploitation, habitat destruction, pollution, introduction of invasive species, and climate change. Thus, sustaining biodiversity so that ecosystem functioning and productivity are maintained is essential to supporting and enhancing life on Earth. Sustaining biodiversity also aids humanity by preserving landscapes of recreational or inspirational value. (secondary to HS-LS2-7)
ETS1.B: Developing Possible Solutions When evaluating solutions, it is important to take into account a range of constraints, including cost, safety, reli- ability, and aesthetics, and to consider social, cultural, and environmental impacts. (secondary to HS-LS2-7)
Page 42 Green Teacher 121 Crosscutting Concepts
Stability and Change Much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. (HS-LS2- 6), (HS-LS2-7)
Feedback (negative or posi- tive) can stabilize or desta- bilize a system. (HS-ESS3-4) Engineers continuously mod- ify these technological sys- tems by applying scientific knowledge and engineering design practices to increase benefits, while decreasing costs and risks. (HS-ESS3-4)
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