PAH
26 Environmental Analysis Spiking level (ng/g)
1 Naphthalene
*Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Fluorene
Phenanthrene Anthracene
Fluoranthene Pyrene
1,2-Benzanthracene Chrysene
Benzo[e]pyrene
Benz[e]acenaphthylene Benzo[k]fluoranthene
20 20 10 10 10
10 10
10 5
10 5 5 5
Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene 5 Benzo[g,h,i]perylene Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
5 5
* UV detection at 230 nm Table 3: PAHs Spiking Levels References
1. Method 4035, Soil Screening for Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Immunoassay, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, vols. I and II, 3rd ed., EPA/SW-846, US Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC, 1995, pp. 1 – 10.
AUTHOR DETAILS Bellah O. Pule,
Lesego C. Mmualefe, Nelson Torto
Department of Chemistry Rhodes University P. O. Box 94,
Grahamstown 6140 South Africa Web:
www.agilent.com/chem
2. F. Busetti, A. Heitz, M. Cuomo, S. Badoer, P. Traverso, “Determination of Sixteen Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aqueous and Solid Samples from an Italian Wastewater Treatment Plant,” J. Chromatogr. A 1102 (2006) 104 – 115.
3. Z. Khan, J. Troquet, C. Vachelard, “Sample Preparation and Analytical Techniques for the Determination of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil,” J. Environ. Sci. Tech. 2 (2005) 275 – 286.
4. P. R. Kootstra, M. H. C. Straub, G. H. Stil, E. G. van der Velde, W. Hesselink, C. C. J. Land, “Solid-Phase Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
from Soil Samples,” J. Chromatogr. A 697 (1995) 123 – 129.
5. M. Anastassiades, S. Lehotay, “Fast and Easy Multiresidue Method Employment Acetonitrile Extraction/Partitioning and ‘Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction’ for the Determination of Pesticide Residues in Produce,” 2003, 86, 412 – 431.
6. J. W. Henderson, Jr., W. Biazzo, W. Long, “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) Separation Using ZORBAX Eclipse PAH Columns – Analyses from Six to 24 PAHs,” Agilent Technologies publication, 5989-7968EN.
7. M. J. Ramalhosa, P. Paiga, S. Morais, C. Delerue-Matos, M. B. P. P. Oliveira,”Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Fish: Evaluation of a Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe Extraction Method,” J. Sep. Sci. 2009 32 3529 – 3538.
2
100 100 50 50 50
50 50
50 20 50 20 20 20 20 20 20
3
200 200 100 100 100
100 100
100 50
100 50 50 50 50 50 50
Naphthalene
*Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Fluorene
Phenanthrene Anthracene
Fluoranthene Pyrene
1,2-Benzanthracene Chrysene
Benzo[e]pyrene
Benz[e]acenaphthylene Benzo[k]fluoranthene Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene Benzo[g,h,i]perylene Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene * UV detection at 230 nm
PAH 1
%Recovery %RSD 0.7
96.5 87.3 91.0 95.2 93.0
91.9 93.5
96.3 92.9 98.0 97.2 93.2 94.1 89.2 91.0 86.0
0.7 1.8 0.8 1.0
1.1 1.7
1.3 1.7 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.2
Level of spiking (ng/g) (n = 6) 2
%Recovery %RSD 1.4
86.2 90.0 89.2 91.4 94.6
90.0 94.7
89.4 87.8 92.4 97.5 93.1 97.6 99.2 96.7 97.8
1.3 1.1 1.3 0.7
0.8 1.3
0.9 1.5 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.7 1.7 0.8 0.8
3
%Recovery %RSD 92.8 91.7 89.7 86.0 98.1
1.4 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.9
97.6 87.9
91.2 92.8 95.8 90.3 98.0 91.4 90.8 97.3 94.3
Table 4: Recoveries and RSDs for the Sixteen Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil Sample (n = 6)
0.7 1.5
1.9 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.3
Ion Chromatography Used to Study Climate Change in Antarctic Ice Cores
Dionex (USA) is pleased to announce that Dionex ICS-3000 instruments are being used by scientists of the Australian Antarctic Division’s glaciology department to study Antarctic ice cores impacted by the effects of climate change. The ice cores can be as long as 1200 meters with a climate history stretching back 90,000 years, and can take as long as six Antarctic summers to recover.
Dionex ion chromatography (IC) instruments have a long history of being used in climate change studies. In the past 10 years, the Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, has relied on Dionex IC instruments and columns to study ice cores from Tibet, Kilimanjaro, Peru, and Alaska. Teams from the Department of Public Health and Environmental Analytic Chemistry at the University of Florence, Italy, and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Bern, Switzerland have also implemented Dionex IC instruments and columns for climate change research.
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New GCMS-QP2010 SE Specialising in Environmental Analysis
Shimadzu (Germany) has introduced the new GCMS-QP2010 SE, completing the new quadrupole series together with the GCMSQP2010 Ultra. A variation of the Ultra model, the SE version focusses on high productivity features with an exceptionally good price/performance ratio. This makes it an ideal tool for routine analysis in laboratories covering different application areas such as environmental analysis or quality control.
ADC: Network up to 30 ACE Stations
analysing the carbon cycle
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A multitude of accessories supports the flexible use of the GCMSQP2010 SE. These either extend the variety of applications or help to streamline processes in order to save time. Accessories include: Optional Direct Inlet allows analysis of compounds with lower volatility; an optional pyrolyser system is available for analysis of compounds of even higher molecular mass (e.g. polymers, paints, woods and resins); and the TD-20 thermal desorption system specialises in working with very volatile compounds, e.g. for air monitoring.
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AET August/September 2010
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