22 Water/Wastewater
High Resolution Pressure Transducers Accurately Measure and Log Water Level & Temperature Data
The CRS451/CRS456 combines the technology of our CS451/CS456 submersible pressure transducer with
a Campbell Scientific (USA) recorder and supports standard time-based scanning and recording along with
event-based recording based on water level change “Delta” or logarithmic time sequence for pump and slug tests.
Software is included which supports test set up, data retrieval, and data display.
The CRS451 has a stainless-steel case that can be submerged in most canals, wells, ponds, lakes, and streams. The CRS456 has a rugged titanium case that allows it to be used in saltwater or other harsh environments.
These sensors make absolute pressure measurements removing the need for expensive cabling with a vent tube.
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26005pr@reply-direct.com Portable Electrochemical Meter
The new SD 300 pH from Tintometer is a rugged, portable hand-held device, watertight to IP67, for the measurement of pH, Redox potential and temperature. With its background illumination, the large, user-friendly display makes any measurement an easy operation. The extremely high resolution (0.001 / 0.1 mV) guarantees maximum accuracy. Automatic temperature compensation and buffer detection are further features of the SD 300 pH. The unit can be provided with a PC interface (USB / serial or analogue) so that measurements can be evaluated and printed out quickly and easily. Further functions include: data- logger and alarm; a status display for battery and electrode; an indicator to show when the battery needs changing; as well as Auto-Off, Auto-Hold or a min/max memory status.
Supplied with a practical, protective outer shell, the SD 300 pH guarantees reliable operation in extreme conditions. A handy bracket on the back of the unit can also be used to stand the meter on a flat surface, hang it on a wall or to clip the meter to a trouser belt.
A wide range of electrodes and sensors can be supplied, depending on the application.
The SD 300 pH can be sourced in two separate sets or as a single unit, both alternatives in a compact plastic case.
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Specific Ion Sensor Measures Fluoride Accurately With Ease of Use and Simple Maintenance
Engineers and technicians in need of highly accurate Fluoride ion (F−) measurement will find the intelligent S80 Fluoride Specific Ion Sensor from Electro-Chemical Devices (USA) combines with the AC10 Self-Cleaning Module and the breakthrough Model T80 Universal Transmitter to form a complete Fluoride analyser system, offering precise measurement while extending sensor life and reducing plant operating costs.
The usage of Fluoride and its accurate measurement is essential to the manufacture of semiconductors, memory chips and other electronic components, including the effective etching of semiconductor wafers. Such electronic component fabrication processes produce wastewater contaminated with Fluoride that must be accurately measured in order to be treated properly. The S80-AC10-T80 can be used as a Fluoride analyser system wherever there is a manufacturing process need to monitor Fluoride levels in water, helping plants to operate more efficiently.
Electro Chemical Device's (ECD) Model S80 Intelligent Sensors are versatile, rugged and low-maintenance. They are available in two Universal Sensor Designs; Insertion/Submersion or Valve Retractable with flared end to prevent blowout. They feature long- life, replaceable electrode cartridges to lower operating costs and are available with multiple individual measurement parameters in the same mechanical configuration – pH, ORP, Dissolved Oxygen, Conductivity and Resistivity as well as Specific Ion.
S80 Sensors feature the ECD six-point advantage making them adaptable to most industrial applications. The standard Model S80 sensors have a rugged ¾-inch O.D. 316 stainless steel body with a 10-foot cable or an optional waterproof detachable cable assembly. The S80 Intelligent Fluoride Sensor measures Fluoride ions at concentrations from 0.02-2000 ppm at a temperature range of 0°-80°C and a pH range of 5-8 pH.
The ECD Model T80 Universal Transmitter features a highly intelligent digital transmitter protocol to simplify process measurement and reduce maintenance costs. The T80 is a single channel transmitter designed for the continuous measurement of multiple parameters in a general-purpose industrial environment that digitally communicates with any ECD Model S80 Intelligent Sensor and automatically configures the transmitter’s menus and display screens to the measured parameter. The Model T80 automatically configures to any of the listed measurements so that there is no longer a need to inventory multiple instrument types.
The AC10 is an Air Blast Spray Cleaner for Sensors that is available as either a single or dual channel system for use with the S80 and other ECD Sensor designs. It helps maintain sensor measurement accuracy in turbid water conditions by preventing the buildup of biofilms and other soft coatings, decreasing sensor maintenance cycles. The AC10 Air Blast Spray Cleaner reduces sensor cleaning time and the amount of chemicals used for unnecessary water treatments performed due to inaccurate sensor readings caused by films and coatings that develop over time on the sensors.
AET August / September 2013
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TOC Analyser for Real Time Monitoring and Regulatory Compliance Reporting in Drinking Water
Xylem’s OI Analytical (USA) brand is pleased to highlight the 9210p On-line TOC (Total Organic Carbon) Analyser for routine monitoring and regulatory compliance reporting in drinking water. The 9210p provides real time data and visibility of natural organic matter that reacts to form harmful disinfection by- products. All public water systems must comply with U.S. EPA regulations by October 1, 2013.
Raw source water is progressively treated in chemical coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration steps to remove natural organic matter (NOM) during the drinking water treatment process. Humic acid and fulvic acids contained in the residual NOM of water undergoing disinfection by chlorination react with chlorine to form disinfection by-products such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), which have been linked to cancer.
The U.S. EPA has issued two rules regulating levels of disinfectants and disinfection by-products in drinking water. The Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (D/DBPR) took effect in 2002 lowering the permissible levels of THMs to 80 mg/L and regulated levels for five HAAs, bromate and chlorite in drinking water for the first time. The Stage 2 D/DBPR was promulgated in 2006. Compliance dates for the Stage 2 D/DBPR are phased in over time based upon the number of people served by the water system. All public water systems must be in compliance by October 1, 2013.
Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis is an indicator of NOM and THM levels in source water and finished drinking water. Test methods for regulatory compliance reporting are currently based upon laboratory TOC analysis of grab samples. Two USEPA-approved methods for regulatory compliance reporting (415.3 and SM 5310C) employ the heated sodium persulfate oxidation technique.
Grab sampling and laboratory analysis is suitable for conducting the periodic testing needed to comply with monthly D/DBPR reporting requirements. This approach is not suitable for monitoring and controlling NOM levels in the drinking water treatment process.
On-line TOC monitoring can provide plant operators a dynamic, real-time view of NOM levels in water to adjust and control the coagulation, flocculation, and disinfection steps to minimise formation of disinfection by-products. Data from an on-line TOC analyser may also be used for D/DBPR compliance reporting provided the analyses are performed in accordance with the sample oxidation, detection, calibration, and QC verification criteria in U.S. EPA approved methods 415.3 or SM 5310C.
A comparative study of laboratory and on-line TOC analysers was undertaken to determine if on-line analysis obtains results comparable to grab sampling and lab analysis. In this study raw source water, finished drinking water, and quality control standards were tested using the OI Analytical Aurora 1030W laboratory TOC analyser and 9210p on-line TOC analyser. Both instruments employ the heated sodium persulphate oxidation technique in USEPA-approved methods 415.3 and SM 5310C.
An analyst calibrated both instruments using the same calibration solutions on the same day. Six surface water samples with unknown TOC concentrations were analysed on each instrument. One of the samples was chosen at random as a duplicate to make a set of seven samples each of which was analysed in triplicate. Results of the analyses conducted on each instrument were correlated and shown to be statistically the same (a correlation factor of 0.99747). Complete details of the study are presented in an application note.
Results of this study indicate that the 9210p on-line TOC analyser obtains data that is comparable and consistent with grab samples analysed on a laboratory TOC analyser. The 9210p on-line TOC analyser allows use of a 5-point calibration making it fully compliant with USEPA-approved methods 415.3 and SM 5310C. The 9210p on-line TOC analyser is capable of providing continuous real-time TOC data that can be used for routine monitoring of TOC removal and DBP reduction and regulatory compliance reporting.
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